48 MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 



per cent were below marketable size. The predominating color 

 of 72.79 per cent was crimson and red. Of sweet apples there were 

 6.62 per cent; mildly subacid 5.15 per cent; subacid 60.29 per cent; 

 briskly subacid 25.00 per cent; and acid 2.94 per cent. There 

 were 23.53 per cent of medium or inferior quality; 50 per cent 

 above medium and 26.47 per cent of good to very good quality. 

 In regard to season, only .74 per cent was in season from mid- 

 August to September; 14.70 per cent from mid-September to mid- 

 October; 38.23 per cent October and November; 27.21 per cent 

 November to February; and 19.12 per cent December to March or 

 April. Here again we have apples of the Northern Spy flavor in 

 season from fall to late winter, such as Thurso, an October apple ; 

 Rocket, a November apple; Donald, a December apple; and Niobe 

 and Elmer, winter apples; and other good sorts. Of 136 Northern 

 Spy seedlings 22 have been named. 



Just one more example to show the results from a variety of 

 medium or inferior quality; the Gano, which is very similar to 

 Ben Davis except that it is more highly colored. There were 83 

 seedlings of Gano described. Of these 68.67 per cent were medium 

 or inferior quality; and 31.33 per cent above medium; and not a 

 single variety of the 83 was good in quality as compared with 46.67 

 per cent Mcintosh of good quality and 26.47 per cent Northern Spy. 

 There was a high percentage, however, of late keeping apples, 

 49.40 per cent, the Gano being a good keeper. These examples of 

 the seedlings from three mother parents will give a good idea of the 

 results obtained. With this lot of 1211 seedlings the male parents 

 were unknown. When the seed was taken it was believed that in 

 an orchard containing several hundred varieties there would be 

 many combinations which would not be brought about by hand 

 pollination and the results have been more satisfactory than was 

 hoped. 



Ever since 1899, hand pollination or artificial cross-breeding has 

 been carried on and a number of the trees resulting from this have 

 now fruited and a few good varieties have been obtained, and it has 

 been shown that certain characters of both the individual parents 

 can be obtained in the cross and so far the influence of the mother 

 parent and male parent seem to be about equal if reciprocal crosses 

 are made. Several hundred trees from this hand pollination have 



