THE PROPAGATION OF PLANTS 91 



sunlight for the first few days. As they root less water and less 

 shade will be required. The best time to root soft wood cuttings 

 i^% in the spring as the conditions can be more easily controlled. 



In this way can be rooted all greenhouse stock such as Helio- 

 trope, Carnations, Stevia, Salvia, soft wood cuttings of Roses, 

 Lantanas, Fuchsias, Abutilon, Geraniums, leaf cuttings of Begonias, 

 growing cuttings of Azaleas, Heaths, Acacias, Cytisus, and some 

 varieties of i\ntirrhinums and Ageratums. 



At this time Lilacs, Deutzias, Spiraeas, Philadelphus, and other 

 spring-flowering shrubs, when forced under glass, afford means of 

 propagating these plants from soft cuttings. This fact is often 

 taken advantage of by nurserymen with rare shrubs, Daphne 

 cneorum, for one, to force the plants under glass for cuttings, and 

 root them in the spring. It is often the best way. 



In general practice, however, many tree and shrub cuttings are 

 rooted from half-ripened wood taken from outdoors during the 

 summer. For these the propagating bed may be used without 

 bottom heat, though it is sometimes done in a cool greenhouse in 

 flats, and may be done in a cold frame. 



This is a good way to root, in addition to those previously men- 

 tioned, Evergreen Azaleas, Mburnums, Cotoneasters, Forsythias, 

 Ligustrums, Catalpas, Lonicera, Symphoricarpos, and some Roses 

 taken with a heel. All spring-rooted cuttings shoMibe potted at 

 once. Shrub and tree cuttings, rooted after mi^|immer, are often 

 left where rooted until spring. 



With many of the trees and shrubs there is another chance, and 

 that is by hard wood cuttings taken after the leaves fall. The 

 nursery practice is, for such as Lilacs, Deutzias, Spiraeas, and many 

 others given in the previous lists, to make cuttings in the autumn, 

 tie them in bundles, and store them in moist soil or sand until 

 spring. During the winter they will form a callus or root-bearing 

 surface. They should be planted out in spring and a fair percent- 

 age of them will root during the summer. 



Many trees and shrubs may be propagated from root cuttings, 

 more than is generally supposed. The practice is to cut up roots 

 and store them in flats of sandy soil over the winter. This may be 

 done with the Quince, Ailanthus, Cladrastis, Eleagnus, Fother- 

 gilla. Elms, Prunus, Wistarias, and some Roses (jR. lucida, R. 



