96 MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 



No better illustration of the effect of stock on cion could be given 

 than the Rose. Most Roses could be easily got on their own roots 

 by cuttings or layers. Tea and Hybrid Tea Roses grafted or 

 budded on the Manetti attain more vigor than when on their own 

 roots and this is the universal practice now. Roses grafted or 

 budded on the English Briar, which has a distinct period of winter 

 rest, do not force as well as when on the Manetti, which grows more 

 or less all the time. On the contrary Roses on the Briar are better 

 for outdoor planting. 



The Paradise Apple stock is used for dwarfing Apples. For 

 dwarfing Pears a different genus, Cydonia, is used. Although 

 the Apple and Pear belong to the same genus they cannot be suc- 

 cessfully grafted on each other. 



The Hawthorn evidently has an unusual affinity with several 

 members of the pomifera or Apple group. Pears, Cotoneasters, 

 and Mespilus can be grafted on it, all different genera. From a 

 shoot near the union between the Hawthorn and the Mespilus 

 has arisen what is known as a graft hybrid, named Crataego-Mes- 

 pilus, intermediate in character between both parents. Cytisus 

 can be grafted on Caragana, Lilacs on Privet, and there are other 

 anomalous cases. Plums may be grafted on Peaches and Peaches 

 on Plums. For light soils and in the South Peach stock is preferred. 

 For heavier soils and in the North Plum stock is preferred. Euro- 

 pean Peaches and Plums may be grafted on the native Prunus 

 americana stock. 



The cions of dwarf stocks should be kept above ground. When 

 planted there is a chance that the annual layers of growth may 

 overlap and eventually reaching the ground and rooting may 

 put the plant on its own roots and the dwarfing lost. This hap- 

 pened on an estate not far from Boston where the fillers, dwarfs 

 or supposed to be, got on their own roots and their value as such 

 lost. Attaining normal size they crowded the permanent trees and 

 had to be cut out prematurely. 



Grape vines are nearly always raised from cuttings or layers. 

 The youngest plant being a part of the parent is just as old. It has 

 been on its own roots all the time. Varieties on their own roots 

 show no constitutional variation. The Black Hamburg Grape 

 is the same the world over, now as ever. 



