2/4 Planting Market and other Orchards. 



1. It gives an opportunity for special cultivation of a particular species or 

 variety. The Early Tillotson among peaches, the Carolina Red June among 

 apples, and other varieties, have their peculiar characteristics or defects, 

 that must be met by a peculiar management which is not always desirable 

 for other varieties in the same orchards. In such case, the advantage of 

 having a variety isolated in a separate square is obvious. Much more is 

 this the case when we come to trees of different species or genera. The 

 cherry, in our climate, needs a later cultivation to retard the ripening of its 

 wood and the shedding of its leaves than would be desirable for the pear 

 or apple. 



2. It has a special advantage in facilitating the gathering and packing 

 of fruit. A hundred trees of Troth's Early may be picked and carried to 

 the centre of the square, and there packed without the picker needing to 

 carry a single basket of fruit more than seven rods. The pickers are under 

 the more immediate supervision and control of the orchardist, and the 

 work can be better as well as more quickly done. 



3. Trees of different varieties or species, and even vines, may all be 

 planted separately in a common orchard, and receive a common or separate 

 cultivation as may be desired. 



As seen in the accompanying sketch, the plough may be run from end 

 to end of the field if desired, or each square or block may receive its spe- 

 cial and peculiar cultivation. 



As may be seen by reference to the figures, it is necessary to take some 

 number of feet as a common multiple or unit from which to work. One 

 rod seems to me to answer the purpose best as the ordinary land-measure, 

 and as adapted to the greatest number of kinds of trees. 



The close planting of the apple and the pear affords self-protection dur- 

 ing the youth of an orchard, and may be remedied by thinning the trees 

 as indicated when the orchard gets older. 



The spaces running east and west I have occasionally omitted, leaving 

 the north and south openings only. These spaces, especially those run- 

 ning north and south, are of value in our climate for ventilation during the 

 hot and humid weather of June. All the fruits, it will be noticed, have 

 been arranged with the view of facilitating the passage of the south wind 

 and breaking the west wind. 



