112 



NA TURE 



[July 26, 1894 



Two iiier. of cocoa are sufficient for showing both aUcaloids. 

 Among^alkaloids that are not volatile, qum.ne ">=^y »>« c.ted 

 ,reated%ilh success by the author s,x months ago. As another 

 example, strychnine and brucine tnay he taken, rortracmg 

 "nchnine the limit was found by de Vry and van der Burg at 

 o-6oin>"r \Yith the aid of microchemical methods, well-defined 

 ciTstals of strjchnine can be obtained down to o;ooo2 mgr. in 

 thl presence ?f as much brucine ; afterwards the Utter .s made 

 o cATaJlUe as chloroplatinate. The actual hm.t .s found 

 i° a fourth of this quantity. A detailed paper w.U be published 

 next ywr-Mr. Bakhuis Roo.eboom discussed the gniphical 

 representation of heterogeneous equilibrium in systems of one to 

 four substances. For systems of one substance we have only /. / 

 °nes which encounter each other m triple points Systems of 

 twr substances may be represented in space between tw-o 

 parallel plans.by points which indicate A ' ^^^^^.T^TT^-l 

 For systems of three components the composition may be ex- 

 Dressed in an equilateral triangle, and in a direction perpendi- 

 ?; arTo his plan, either/, or t. For systems of four substances 

 the composition only can be expressed for one single tern- 

 perature and pressure by points in a tetrahedron. The author 

 dLussed the conditions (or a right selecuon of the componenls, 

 and demonstrated that, in systems which admit smgle or double 

 substitution, the number of components is one inferior to that 

 of the apparent components.-Prof. J. A. C. Oudemans pre- 

 sensed a note on the g'eographical po.uioa of the -Astronomical 

 Observatory at Utrecht, revised by him on a request f om the 

 editor of the British Nautical Almanac. The latitude 

 _ „= c q' c. Using Leiden-Greenwich. as newly found by 

 telegraph, and Utreiht-Leiden. geodetically determined, he 

 deduced 2om. 31s. -co, practically the same result as given by 

 The old observations of Hennert. van Utenhove. W-gner van 



Beeck, Calkoen, and Keyzer, from 1778 '^•^-°-^5,°;;>-vf/ 

 J. A. Oudemans exhibited two new fungi, '''^- /'^'f"^.l'f; 

 tvota, found on Didyola obl,.sa»s><!°, a submerged ^A<'</<y>Aj «'. 

 detected by Miss Weber in the neighbourhood of Malacca, and 

 tS. kyckii, discovered by Mr. Vuyck. in Leiden, in the 

 ovary of Luzula cam/^slns.-?tol. Kamerlingh Onnes com- 

 menTed on(l)the coefficients of viscosity of lluids in corie- 

 Sing "talis, calcnlated by Mr. de Haas. They generally 

 a^ee with the formula deduced from his theorem that the 

 moving molecular systems in corresponding states are mechanu:. 

 "w similar. Great deviations are shown by the fatty acids, 

 ar^d especially the alcohols. (2) The further expenments rriade 

 by U' Kuenen, in the Leiden Laboratory, on he abnormal 

 Dhenomena observed by Galitzine near the critical point. Ur. 

 Scuenen proved that they are to be ascribed to ""Purities =.nd 

 in particular to air. Gas can be originated at one side of the 

 ub*^ by heating a part of it. just as during '^e process of sealing 

 The g.^. being transferred to the opposite side of the tube, the 

 density at th' side changes in accordance, '^y^dm, ing air. t 

 one side, anomalies such as were observed by Galitzine are 

 obained'-Mr. Jan de Vries presented an -'-'« «" '"P^^^ 

 equations, lie showed that the roots of such e.iuations of 

 degrees 7 and 9 cannot satisfy a symmetrical ttihnear rela, on^ 

 This property is also verified for two distinct sorts of triple 

 equations of decree 13; it has not yet been decided whether 

 these aic the only possible syslems of this degree. 



Netherlanhs. 



Enlomological Society. June 9- -Mr. A van den Brandt 

 inthechair.-Mr. Lverts exhibited a fine collection of speci- 

 '.Sens illustrating the biology of the ho-^''" = ^'''^ '^ ,1?^ 

 .oecimcns of the rare Dor.atoma chrysomehna, new 0'.'' = 

 I?^Uh fauna ; Mr. Snellen, both ,exes of lu-tlaa "'.'"-"«"<>« 

 Niceville, and a l.rcad specimen of M(ha,ia flammea. Curt. . M . 

 I C H dc Meycrc. several rare and interesting indigenous 

 ■hintera ' Mr. F. J. M. Heylacrts, specimens of CoUophora and 

 pFyXua; Mr. H. A. de Vos tot Nederveen Cappcl .^f.v,/» 

 dahlii, lioarmia abUlana, and a very curious variety o l<Tnio- 

 camta in<ir,<. ; Mr. A. J. F. Fokker. 'P""""/ " '7 T"' 

 indigenous Ilem.plera, J.uryg.uUr maura and hotta.toll... The 

 Utter stated that the name ol P.dops horvnih,. » species whch 

 wa5 not long ago descril>ed by him in ihe Dutch Ttjdtchrift, 

 ha" been prev.. usly given by Distant to a Japanese species. 

 ,nd w""herefore changed by Dr. Bergroth into P. .»/'«//.««. 

 "m7 II 1. Veih deicribed the liquids emi.ted by the coxx of 

 iCYeral Coleoptera (Coccinellidsc and others), and which, ac- 



NO. 1291, VOL. 50] 



cording toLeydig. was a secretion of blood. A renewed chemicn 

 'nqu ry into its nature, however, seems to be des.rable -M 

 ■A"%^Rossum gave a further a^^^^^^^^^ 



f;;'ara1u{*'£r'^se'ttin1'tepidopti;a7and adapted to be user, 

 during long journeys. 



BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, and SERIALS RECEIVED.j 



BooKS.-Obs.rvMion, .and Re.c.rch« „.d^at .he H^^^^^^^ 



translated by Prof. J- K- ^- r^,' i^ . »' i- v„^ (Boston, Ginn).— Anlb 



n.eiic for Schools: Rev. J. B. ^o'^V "p, '„^it..\ Vols. ; Vol. i, Junio 

 tory Manu.->1 of Phystcs ='"<' /PP''=^f„f'^'^^'f' Y^Rogcrs (MacnullanV- 

 Coursc in Genc.^ Ph>^.cs • ^•^f'^'jXn and Dr Kipping (Chambers^ I 

 Orcanic Chcnustry. ran i . rroi. icni.su r-.^-ira ^Paris 



S^toirc du Monde .on fivoUmon « - C-'--- \lr:„G-.y-d^P-S 

 L-.Au.eu.).— Knowledge ihrough the tyc . A- r. 



(Philip). „ V • .1,. Minimis Svstem of Myxinc Glutinosa 



PAMK..LETS -::Rese.-.rches •" '^= ^'^I'/^f f ^f ™ g'„„\,rischen Eiijen 

 R. Sanders (Williams .ind ^"'K;"'''- „J[^hre Lwendun? .luf Krys.alle 

 schaf.en homogener «^"" S'"'C'uren und .hre -Amvena 5 .^^_^>__ . ^^ 

 W. Barlow (Leipzig, Engelmann).— the Oro«.n 01 ai 



T. Porter (S.. Louis). , .^ yorkl— Journal of 



Serials.— Engineering Magannc. JiilV (««« »"f J ..; ,5 , 

 ,„s.uu.ion of filecmcal Engineers. «» y„3; Yf^^,"-'', ^ 1^,,, 

 .\nnals of Sco...<,h.Na.l.ral H.s.or,, J'-JV "■^°^^7(i^,„sanne, Corbaj).- 

 Helv<.i.,uc des Sciences Xa.urcllcs, 76 ^e^^^°"^t,;,i '^^^ gcience 

 Compte Rendu des .Tf^aux de-la- tKia^.e "orbaz) -Mit.heilungei 



•r'£^^Si.:^Kur^'^a^''f.r Sys,e,naiiK P.. 



hichte und Pf " 



flmann). — Qua >.,i,n,-,.v n^ i*uwi..^'^ 



i.emenl. July (WattJ-^'^^n'^'r- "^.'-^T,^; Ins.i.u 

 hhy:i,ure; .S94'. -" Fas- (^"'^)rte"a S°urieyof Indi^ Vol XXV, 

 (Ph'ilaielphia). -R^ords o ■^'GeMogK^ Survey of ^^^_^^^^_^ 

 2(Calcu..a).-Jahrbuchder K.K.(.eol'.giscne H^.lder. 



xh. B.ind, 4 Heft; Jahrg. .394. xl'^^ Band, . »^^' '„, -,^^1 „„d N 



tS^:;^^l:^XS^rp^^ K^'^' Socicy of Kdir 

 burgh. Vol: XX. pp. 16.-240 (Edinburgh). 



PAC 



28 

 29 

 29 



CONTENTS. 



Mathematical Geology. By Prof. Oliver J. Lodge, 



ppg «••• 



Elementary Meteorology. By W. E. P. • • " ' ' 



The Wealden Flora 



Our Book Shelf:— , c ^ :„ 



Crombie: "A Monograph of Lichens found in 



Abbott: " Travels in a Tree-top 



^'"-r-li: I-^eJutfic^tr orAir.-Prof. J. J. Thomson ^^ 



Us^^aHaliCoidca, Dr^p.-WiUredMark^Webb 2, 



Two Arctic Expeditions in One D.ty.-Dr. wm. ri. ^^ 



ReSofPl«ice.-HaraldDanne;ig »? 



Absence of Butterflies.— J. Shaw . . . . • ■ 



The Oxford Meeting of the British Assocatior, . . 29 



Big Game Shooting. {WuiiraUJ.) . ■ 



Popularising Science. By H. G. Wells . . . . ■ • 3 

 On the New Buildings for the St. Andre w8(Gatty) 

 Marine Laboratory. (,IW. Diagram.) By W. C M. 3^ 



Notes 



Our Astronomical Column :— 



The Results of Imprudent Solar Observations . . • J 

 A Novel Method of Solar Observation •> 



The Royal Botanic Gardens, Calcutta ■ • • ' • 3, 



Scientific Serials 3< 



Societies and Academies ' j ' r 



Books, Pamphlets, and Serials Received 



