MOULD FUNGI 105 



hyphffi which enter the body of the tly bud hke yeast cells, which are 

 carried to all parts of the insect's body. Later the parasitic hyphse 

 arise from the gemmae. Resting spores are unknown. 



Entomophthora is a genus of fungi inclusive of thirty species found 

 on various insects in Europe and North America. Entomophthora 

 sphcerosperma has a richly branched nutritive mycelium, which grows 

 through the body of insects. After the death of the host, the hyphae 

 break through the surface in connected strands part of which attach 

 the larva, or insect's dead body, to the substratum and part form a 

 thick white mantle over the surface. 



The conidiophores are in branching bundles. The conidiospores 

 are elongated ellipsoidal, 5 to 8ju broad by 15 to 26ju long. Secondary 

 and tertiary conidia are found. The resting spores produced as azy- 

 gospores are spheric and 20 to 35^1^ broad with a smooth yellow wall. 

 It grows on larvae, especially frequent on the cabbage worm Pieris 

 brasskce in Europe and North America. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE ZYGOMYCETALES 



This is not intended to be a complete list of the works dealing in whole or in 



part with the mould fungi, but only a list of the works which may prove helpful to 



the student of mycology. 



Rainier, G.: Etude sur les Zygospores des Mucorinees, These pr^sent^e a I'l^cole 

 de Pharmacie. Paris, pp. 136, pis. i-ii; Observations sur les Mucorinee. 

 Annales des Sciences naturelles, ser. 6, 1-15: 70-104, pis. 4-6. Sur les zygo- 

 spores des Mucorinees. Annales des Science naturelles, vi ser., I: 18, 1883; 

 Nouvelles observations sur les zygospores des Mucorinees, do., I: ig, 1884. 



Blakeslee, Albert F. : Sexual Reproduction in the Mucorineae. Proceedings 

 American Academy "Arts and Sciences, xl: 205-319 with 4' plates and bibli- 

 ography, The Biological Significance and Control of Sex. Science, new ser. 

 x.xv: 366-384, March 8, 1907; Papers on Mucors (a review). Botanical Gazette, 

 47: 418-423, May, 1909; Heterothallism in Bread Monld, Rhizopus nigricans. 

 Botanical Gazette, 43: 415-418, June, 1907; A Possible Means of Identifying 

 the Sex of (+) and ( — ) Races in the Mucors. Science, new ser. xxxvii: 880- 

 881, June 6, 1913; On the Occurrence of a Toxin in Juice Expressed from the 

 Bread Mould, Rhizopus nigricans. Biochemical Bulletin II: 542-544, July, 

 1913; Conjugation in the Heterogamic Genus Zygorkynchiis. Mycologisches 

 Centralblatt II: 241-244, 1913; Sexual Reactions between Hermaphroditic and 

 Dioecious Mucors. Biological Bull., xxix: 87-102, August, 1915; Zygospores 

 and Rhizopus for Class Use. Science, new ser. xlii: 768-770, Nov. 26, 1915. 



Brefeld, O.: Botanische Untersuchungen liber Schimmelpilze, Heft i, Zygomy- 

 ceten, pp. 1-64, Taf, 1-6, 1872; Untersuchungen aus den Gesamtgebiete der 

 Mykologie, ix, 1891. 



