SAC FUNGI CONTINUED 151 



Jura and the Tyrol. E. cerviims, which is found under oaks, beeches 

 and pines in Europe and North America, has a fruit body the surface 

 of which is brownish yellow, or reddish brown, and is covered with 

 numerous pyramid-shaped projections. The inner layer of the peri- 

 dium of this species is not veined like E. variegaius, another widely 

 distributed species throughout Europe. The fruit bodies of the last 

 two species are frequently parasitized by Cordyceps ophioglossoides 

 and C. capitatus (see ante, Fig. 21). 



Family 4. Terfeziace^. — The fruit bodies of the fungi of this 

 family are more or less deeply subterranean, tuber-like, infrequently 

 galleried {Hydnobolites). The fruit bodies differ from those of the 

 preceding family in that the interior spore-bearing portion does not 

 break down into a powdery mass, hence there is no so-called capillitium, 

 and as in that family the fruit body does not open spontaneously. 

 The terfas, or kames, of arid Mohammedan countries belonging to the 

 genera Terfezia and Tirmania were known to the Greeks and Romans. 

 The species of Terfezia are found under and associated with the roots 

 of the herbaceous or shrubby forms of Artemisia, Cistus and Helian- 

 themum. A North African terfa, Terfezia conis, is found in the moun- 

 tain forests of pine and cedar and in the sands of Sardinia from March 

 to April. The desert terfas include T. Boudieri, T. Claveryi, T. 

 Hajizi and Tirmania ovalispora. Duggar,^ an American mycologist, 

 has gathered these fungi at the base of Artemisia herba-alba found 

 growing in the sandy soil of small oueds, or stream beds, in southwestern 

 Algeria. They are located by the breaking of the soil surface and are 

 dug out -by the Arabs with a pointed stick. They form a valuable 

 food, as they are rich in protem. 



Family 5. Tuberace^. — General reference has been made to the 

 members of this family in a description of the special ecology of the 

 EUMYCETES. The mycelium of the truffles is well developed and 

 septate, producing mostly subterranean, tuber-like fruit bodies, which 

 have more or less numerous chambers lined with the ascigeral tissue 

 supported by sterile hyphae. The asci, which are arranged irregularly 

 in the ascigeral tissue, are one to eight-spored. The ascospores are 

 unicellular, and in the truffles {Tuber) usually spiny. The mycelium 

 is subterranean and is connected with the roots of coniferous and 

 broad-leaved trees forming the so-called mycorrhiza. The simplest 



' DuGGAR, B. M.: Mushroom Growing, 191 5: 207-217. 



