MILDEWS AND RELATED FUNGI 1 69 



clover. Other fungi without sclerotia are parasitic and destructive. 

 Such are Dasyscypha Willkommn, the cause of larch canker. D. 

 Warburgiana is parasitic on cinchona in the tropics. Such genera as 

 Coryne, Helotium, Lachnum and Rutstroemia are saprophytic on wood. 



Family 7. Mollisiace^. — ^The fungi of this family differ from 

 those of the preceding largely in texture, the former being tougher with 

 hyphal cells modified in a fibrous manner. The spores are hyaline. 

 Pseudopeziza is the only important germs with its apothecium formed 

 beneath the epidermis, which is subsequently ruptured with the pro- 

 trusion of a shallow fruit body. The asci show eight unicellular spores. 



Pseudopeziza medicaginis is the cause of alfalfa leaf spot. Ps. 

 ribis causes anthracnose of currants. 



The remaining famiUes of the suborder are Family 8, Celidiace^, 

 Family 9, Patellariace^., Family 10, Cenangiace^. 



Suborder G. Helvelliineae. — This suborder includes fungi with 

 a well-developed mycelium which is filamentous and largely functional 

 for nutritive purposes. From this mycelium, which penetrates the 

 substratum, arises a fleshy, waxy or gelatinous fruit body, which usually 

 possesses a stalk upon which is raised an expanded portion; sometimes 

 club-like, in other forms constituting a distinct pileus. The expanded 

 part, which may be smooth and gelatinous, wrinkled or with variously 

 contorted folds, or of deep pits separated from each other by anastomos- 

 ing ribs, is covered with the ascigeral layer, which consist of asci and 

 paraphyses standing on end-like pahsade tissue. The asci are typically 

 eight-spored, rarely, two-spored, and open at the apex through the 

 removal of a lid, or through a tube-like mouth. The ascospores are 

 unicellular, or multicellular. 



FAivnLY I. Geoglossace^. — The fruit body is fleshy, waxy, or 

 gristly, and is separable into a stalk, or stipe, and an enlarged fertile 

 portion, the pileus, which is club-shaped or knobbed, and its color is 

 some shade of yellow, green, or black. The asci are club-shaped, 

 opening by a pore at the apex. This family includes twelve genera, 

 and it has been carefully monographed by Massee.^ 



Geoglossum hirsutum is an American ground form with pileus flat 



and black, 2 to 3 cm. long and i to 2 cm. wide. It is wrinkled and 



hairy (Fig. 61). The stem is 6 to 8 cm. tall, black soUd and hairy. 



■'Massee, George: A Monograph of the Geoglosseae. Annals of Botany, ii; 



225-306 with 2 plates, 1897. 



