174 MYCOLOCxY 



2. Plectocarp line from Dipodascus-like forms, perhaps similar to 

 Monascus. 



3. Perispore line arising from Monascus-Ukc prototype, before split- 

 ting of archicarp, or from Aspergillace^. 



4. Pyrenocarp line arising near Monascus-like prototype, Laboul- 

 BENiALES side near base, and some of the Mycothyriales as reduced 

 from Sph^riales. 



Those who adhere to the behef that the AscomycAtales have 

 descended from the red algae interpret their belief in three ways: first, 

 sac fungi with highly developed trichogyne of the Collema type with cer- 

 tain red algae of existing forms; second, sac fungi with highly developed 

 trichogyne of the Polystigma type with hypothetic algae with trichogyne 

 representing the common original stock of both groups; and third, sac 

 fungi with simple generalized copulating gametes of the Gymnoascus 

 type with hypothetic algae having a simple procarp representing the 

 stock from which both groups started. It will be noted that Atkinson 

 believes that the fungi of the Ascomycetales have been derived from 

 the simple Phycomycetes, and that thePROXOASCOMYCETES are der'ved 

 by descent and degeneration from such a primitive form as Dipodascus, 

 Endomyces Magnusii being the nearest known form to the generalized 

 condition seen in Dipodascus. The Euascomycetes are derived from 

 fungi similar to Monascus and Gymnoascus with generalized archicarp. 

 Six distinct lines as previously noted arise from these primitive forms. 

 Atkinson gives a chart which is purely provisional, and which suggests 

 the probable relationship of the principal groups to each other and to a 

 probable common ancestor. 



GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE ASCOMYCETALES 



Atkinson, Geo. F. : Phylogeny and Relationships in the Ascomycetes. Annals 



of the Missouri Botanical Garden, ii: 315-376, February-April, 1915. 

 Barker, B. T. P. : The Morphology and Development of the Ascocarp in Monascus, 



with 2 plates. Annals of Botany, xvii: 167, 1903. 

 Blackman, H. H. and Welsford, E. J. : The Development of the Perithecium of 



Polystigma rubrum. Annals of Botany, xxvi: 761, 191 2, with 2 plates. 

 Brown, Horace T.: Some Studies in Yeast. Annals of Botany, xxviii: 197, 1914- 

 Carruthers; D.: Contributions to the Cytology of Helvella crispa, with 2 plates. 



Annals of Botany, xxv: 243, 191 1. 

 Clements, F. E.: Minnesota Plant Studies: iv, Minnesota Mushrooms, 1910: 



138-151- 



