APPENDIX I 675 



and make a thick paste by the addition of about 3 quarts of water. Then stir in 

 the caustic soda. After several minutes, the mass will boil violently, turning a 

 reddish-brown, and should be stirred thoroughly. After boiling has ceased, add 

 about 2 gallons of water and pour off the liquid into another vessel, and add to it 

 sufficient water to make 6 gallons. This form of stock solution may be used at the 

 rate of i gallon to 50 of water for spraying mOst plants and for soaking seeds. 

 Eati Celeste (Modified). — It is made as follows: 



Copper sulphate, 4 pounds. 

 Ammonia, 3 pints. 



Sal goda, 5 pounds. 



Water to make 45 gallons. 



Dissolve the copper sulphate in 10 or 12 gallons of water, add the ammonia, and 

 dilute to 45 gallons; then add the sal soda and stir until dissolved. Eau celeste is 

 an effective dormant spray for the peach leaf-curl and other similar diseases, but it is 

 unsafe to use on the foliage of most plants. 



Polassinm Permanganate. (Not used in the United States.) 



Potassium permanganate, i part. 

 Soap, 2 parts. 



Water, 100 parts. 



Recommended in France for black-rot and mildew of grape, etc. 

 Iron Sulphate and Sulphuric Acid. 



Water (hot), 100 parts. 



Iron sulphate, as much as will dissolve. 



Sulphuric acid, i pint. 



Prepare the solution Just before using. Add the acid to the crystals and then 

 pour on the water. Valuable for treatment of dormant grape vines affected with 

 anthracnose, applications being made with sponge or brush from wooden vessels in 

 which it is made. The solution will destroy the foliage, so it must be used in late 

 fall, or early spring, or applied only to tree trunks. 



Lime-sulphur. — Within the last few years this wash has come into prominence as 

 one of the best Scale insecticides discovered. Several forms of it are excellent 

 fungicides. Three formulae are here given. 



The Boiled Mixture (home-made). 



Best stone lime, 15 pounds. 

 Flowers of sulphur, 15 pounds. 

 Water, 15 gallons. 



Slake the lime in a small quantity of hot water, add the sulphur gradually and 

 stir thoroughly. Dilute the mixture to 15 gallons with water, and boil in an iron 

 kettle, or cook by steam in a barrel for forty-five minutes. Fill the vessel with water 

 to the required 50 gallons; strain the wash through a fine-mesh strainer and apply 



