November 15, 1894J 



NATURE 



69 



killed in the chase and used for food. Being far from the sea, 

 if he used fish as food, they would be such as he was able to 

 catch in the rivers. 



Let us now trace man of this period on the continent. In 

 the fluviatile deposits of the Somme and the Garonne, stone 



Fic. 8. 



implements have been found and recognised by such com- 

 petent authorities as Sir John Evans, Mr. Franks, Prof. Boyd 

 Dawkins, and others, as identical with the drift Palaeolithic 

 implements found in England. Similar ones have been 



Fig. 9. 



found in Spain, near Madrid, in Italy, Greece, Germany, 

 and other places in Europe ; also in Northern Africa, 

 Palestine, and India. From these finds we learn that man has 

 lived in a similar state of civilisation to what he did in Britain, 



be made to these specimens when we deal with the cave 

 skeletons. 



Caverns and rock shelters are well known to have been used not 

 only by man, but also by animals, from remote times down to the 

 present day. The strata which have been deposited in them at 

 different limes by their successive occupants, and the vicissitudes 



'jfj^\^'^\z 



Fig. 14. 



of climate, are often well marked, and give much valuable and 

 reliable information, but great care is required in discriminating 

 the different periods which their contents represent. The 

 emains of Paleolithic man deposited in caves are much more 



^^'■M^^ 



Fi.,. I 



over a very wide area ; they also show that he must have 

 existed in this stage of culture for a very long time. 



As regards his skeletal remains on the continent, a few have 

 been found. At Canstadt, near Stuttgart, it has been stated that 



widely distributed over England than those from the river-drifts, 

 having been found as far north as Yorkshire and Derbyshire, 

 in North and South Wales, Gloucestershire, Monmouthshire, 

 Somersetshire, and Devonshire, also in Ireland, although these 



irtion of a skull was discovered, in 1 700, in loess deposits, with 



ines of the cave bear, hya'na, and mammoth. At Eguisheim, 



nearColmar, Schaflfhausen, portion of another cranium was found 



with mammoth and other animal remains of this period. At 



Fig 12. 



Clichy, in the valley of the Seine, a skull and some bones were 

 found at depths varying from 4 to 5 '4 metres from the surface in 

 undisturbed strata, with mammoth, woolly rhinoceros, horse, 

 and stag. The skull in these instances is long and narrow in 



shape, with very prominent supraorbital ridges and glabella ; 

 the thigh and leg bones of the Clichy skeleton are laterally 

 ■compressed, the former having a greatly developed tinea aspcra, 

 the latter being markedly platycnemic. Further reference will 



NO. 1307, VOL. 51] 



latter have not been much worked. The Paleolithic cave strata 

 shows three sub-strata ; in the two lower ones the flint imple- 

 ments are precisely similar to those of the river-drifts, but flat 

 pebble implements of quartzite are also found with part of the 



Fig. 15. 



natural smooth surface retained, while the rest is chipped and 

 fashioned into an implement. 



In the upper substratum more highly finished articles, which 

 would point to a higher and probably a difierent social condition, 

 later in time, are obtained. We have in this higher substratum 

 flints of oval and lanceolate form, trimmed flakes, borers, 

 and rounded hammer-stones (Figs. I, 2, 3, 4, S^ ^> ^■'•^ 

 7). These are of smaller size than the earlier implements, 

 and some of them had evidently been let into handles of wood. 

 Bone ntedles, with an eye bored .at one end (Fig. 8), bone 

 awls (Fig. 9), scoops (Fig. 10), and harpoons (Figs. II and 12), 

 barbed on one or both sides of deer's antler, are also met 

 with. Of great importance ate the representations of animals 

 which have been found incised on bone, as, for example, the 



