216 



NATURE 



[December 27, 1894 



treatment of the dead body," (3) M. Panas for his treatise on 

 "affections of the eyes." Meniions and minor awards went 

 to MM. Legendre, Broca, Vacquez, Vaudremcr, Marcel 

 Baudouin, Ferreira, Ernest Martin, Pietra Santa, Voisin, 

 and Petit. The Barbier prize was awarded to Prof. 

 Henri Leioir for his work on scrofulo-tuberculosis, 

 Drs. Ariault and Tscherning receiving honourable mention. 

 The Brcant prize was adjudged to M. Arloing for his work on 

 the bacillus of peripneumonia in cattle : the Godard prize was 

 accorded to MM. Melville- Wassermann and Nuc! Kalle ; the 

 Parkin prize to MM. Behal and Choay : the Hellion prize 

 between Dr. Lardier and MM. Bsni-Barde and Malerne, Dr. 

 Kenon receiving honourable mention : the Mege prize to M. 

 Faure ; the Lallemand prize to M. Gley, honourable mention 

 to MM. Nabias and P. Janet. — In Physiology, the Montyon 

 was divided between MM. Phisalix and Bertrand and M. 

 Raphael Dubois, honourable mention being given to MM. 

 Morot, Blanc, and Philippon : the Pourat prize fell to M. 

 Haufmann, a mention being accorded to M. Thiroloix. In 

 Physical Geography, the Gay prize was awarded to M. Mattel. 

 General prize- — The Montyon pi /e (unhealthy industries) was 

 divided between MM. Balland and Lavet ; the Cuvier prize was 

 awarded to Mr. John Murray of the C/;(7//t'«^tTexpedition : the 

 Trtmont prize was .iccorded to M. Emile Riviere ; the Gegner 

 prize to M. Paul Serret ; the Delalande-Guerineau prize to the 

 Marquis de Kolin : the Jerome Ponti prize to Commandant 

 DefTorges ; the Tchihaichef prize to M. Pavie ; the Houllevigue 

 prize to M. Bigourdan : the Cahours prize (i) to M. Varet and 

 (2) M. Freundler ; the Saintour prize to MM. L Deburaux and 

 M. Dibos ; the Laplace prize to M. K louard Glasser ; and the 

 Rivot prize to M.M. Glasser, Leprince-Ringuet, Henri Parent, 

 and Le Gavrian. The programme of prizes for 1S95, 1896, 

 1897, and 189S is given in detail so far as yet decided. 



Beri.i.n. 



Physiological Society, November 23.— Prof, du Bois 

 Reymond, President, in the chair.— Prof. Zuntz gave an 

 account of his researches on the measurement of the 

 amount of blood in circulation and the work done by 

 the heart. For the horse he found 71 to 72 c.c. of 

 blood per kilo body-weight per second ; for the dog, as 

 based on the consumption of oxygen, 78 c.c. These values do 

 not correspond lo the marked difference in size of the animals, 

 but may be explained as due to the fact that the dog was experi- 

 mented upon while fasting and at rest, whereas the horse was 

 not. For a horse in complete rest the value obtained was 50 

 c.c. For man he estimated the value at 60 c.c. Blood- 

 pressure falls but slightly along the arterial system, and was 

 found lo be nearly (he same in the carotid and in a small branch 

 of the facial artery. The work done by the human heart he 

 calculated as amounting 10 about 20,coo kilogram-metres in the 

 twenty-four hours. When the body is working the work done 

 by the heart increases also, so that in the case of the horse the 

 blood pumped out now amounted to 600 c.c. per kilo per second, 

 or twelve times as much as during rest. The frequency of the 

 pulse could by work be increased fourfold, and the work done 

 by the heart to thrice its normal amount. — Dr. Cohnstein had 

 carried out further experiments on the transudation of solu- 

 tions of sails into distilled water, and using mixtures of salts as 

 well as mixtures of colloids and crystalloids, he had observed 

 that an increased transudation of the solids follows upon an 

 increase of external pressure. He applied these results to 

 explain Ihe mode of formation of lymph, which he attributed 

 10 transudation as well as to filtralion, ihus opposing 

 lleidenhain's view thai it is due to a distinct secretion. He ex- 

 plained the action of lymphagogues, on Ihe basis of his own 

 experiments, as due to Ihe power these substances possess, when 

 mixed with an albuminous fluid, of confining the diffusion of Ihe 

 external fluid entirely towards the interior of the tube which 

 contains them in solution. 



Amstkrdam. 

 Academy of Sciences, November 24. — Prof. Van de 

 .Sande liakhuyzen in ihe chair. — Prof. J. .\. C. Oudemans 

 communicated the results obtained in solving two problems, an 

 atlronomical and a geodelical one, namely :— (1) In how long a 

 period do tlari, the velocities of which in the line of vision are 

 known, lose or gain 01 magnitude? {.See "Our Astronomical 

 Column," December 13, p. 160). — Dr. Van Romburgh (IJuiten- 



zorg) has examined the essential oils of Polygala variahilis, 

 H. B. K., B. albifloia, F.'lygahi oUiJ'cra, lleckel, and Po'y^il.r 

 Javana, and found them to be nearly all methylsalicylate. — 

 Mr. Jan de Vries : on a group of plane curves. This paper 

 contains some theorems on plane curves {/> of the {n -f w)*'i order, 

 : with m"- double points, (A), forming the base of a pencil of 

 curves of the ot' degree. 



DIARY OF SOCIETIES. 



London. 

 THURSDA K, December =7. 

 RoVAl. Institution, at 3. — The Manufacture of an Electric Current: 

 Prof. J. A. Fleming, F.R.S. 



FRIDAY, December 2S. 

 RoYAi. Geographical Societv, at 4. — Holiday Geography : Dr. H. R. 

 Mill. 



SATURDAY, December 23. 

 Royal Institution, at 3. — The Current Working of a Chemist: Prof. 

 J. A. Fleming, F.R.S. 



SUMDAY, December 30. 

 SfNDAV Lecture Societv, at 4. — The Action of Light on Bacteria an:! 

 Fungi : Prof. Marshall W.ird, F.R.S. 



TUESDAY, January i, 1895. 

 RoVAL Institution, at 3. — The Workipg of an Klectric Current: Prof. J. 

 A. Fleming, F.R.S. 



THURSDAY, January 3. 

 Royal Institution, at 3. — The Working of an Electric Current : Prof. J. 

 A. Fleming, F.R.S. 



SATURDAY, January 5. 

 Royal Institution, at 3. — The Working of an Electric Current : Prof. J. 

 .'\. Fleming, F.R.S. 



CONTENTS. PAGE 



A Standard Treatise on Chemistry. Hy M. M. 



Pattison Muir 193 



Man- -the Primeval Savage. By Prof. W. Boyd 



Dawkins, F.R.S 194 



The Sequence of Studies. Hy H. G. Wells .... 195 

 Our Book Shelf:— 



Conway: " Climbing and Exploration in the Kara- 



koram- Himalayas" 196 



"The Royal Natural History " 197 



Munro : " Kitchen Boiler Explosions " 197 



Gordon : " The Island of Madeira, for the Invalid 



and Naturalist " 19/ 



Letters to the Editor: — 



"Acquired Characters." — Right Hon. Sir Edw. 



Fry, F.R.S 197 



The Alleged Absoluteness of Motions of Rotation. — 



A. E. H. Love, F.R.S 19S 



The Anti<|uiiy of the "Finger-Print" Method. — 



Kumagusu Minakata ... 199 



Peculiarities ol Psychical Research. — Edward T. 



Dixon ; Prof. Karl Pearson . . 200 

 The .\rlilicial .Spectrum Top.— Charles E. Ben- 

 ham ; Prof. G. D. Liveing, F.R.S 200 



"Solute."— F. G. Donnan 200 



"The Elements of (,)uaternlons."— Lieut. -Colonel 



H. W. L, Hime 201 



The Lick Observatory. (IlliislraUil.) By A. Fowler 201 

 Studies of a Growing Atoll. By Dr. Hugh Robert 



Mill 203 



Notes (Illuslrated) 205 



Our Astronomical Column : — 



Advances in Lunar Photography • . . 207 



Comelary K.phemerides 207 



Russian Aslroo'inical Observations 207 



On a Remaikable Earthquake Disturbance observed 

 at Strassburg, Nicolaiew, and Birmingham, on 

 June 3, 1893 (IthislraieJ.) By C. Davison ; Dr. 



E. von Rebeur Paschwitz 208 



Explosions in Mines 211 



The PobS'bilities of Long-Range Weather Fore- 

 casts. By Piof. Cleveland Abbe 212 



Scientific Serial 2'3 



Societies and Academies 214 



Diary of Societies 216 



NO. 131;,. VOL. 51] 



