262 SYLVIAD^E. 



The Eedstart was considered by Pennant and some other 

 authors not to extend its range to the westward beyond 

 Exeter ; but though rather rare in the eastern part of Corn- 

 wall, it is not an uncommon bird in the extreme western 

 part, as I learnt from the communications of Mr. Couch 

 and Mr. Rodd. This bird also visits Wales now, and has 

 been obtained once in Ireland, near Belfast, by Dr. J. D. 

 Marshall, as I learnt from W. Thompson, Esq. 



In a northern direction from London, it is found in Suf- 

 folk, Norfolk, Yorkshire, Northumberland, and various parts 

 of Scotland, even to Sutherlandshire. Still further north, it 

 visits Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Siberia, Russia, and from 

 thence southward it is distributed over the more temperate 

 parts of Europe. It is abundant in Holland, France, Pro- 

 vence, Spain, and Italy. The Zoological Society have re- 

 ceived skins from Tangiers, where it is said to be common. 

 It is found during summer in Sicily and Malta, going from 

 thence to Egypt. Specimens have been received from 

 Trebizond, and also from Erzeroom, about one hundred 

 miles farther to the south-east of Trebizond. It has been 

 found in Nepal, and M. Temminck includes it among the 

 birds of Japan. 



In the adult male Redstart during summer the beak is 

 black, with a narrow band of black feathers above its base ; 

 the irides brown ; the forehead white ; the top of the head, 

 the scapulars, back, and wing coverts, lead-grey ; wing- 

 feathers brown, with the outer edges rather lighter ; upper 

 tail-coverts and tail-feathers bright rufous chestnut, the 

 centres only of the two middle tail-feathers being marked 

 with a longitudinal strip of dark brown ; the chin, throat, 

 sides of the neck and face, including the eyes, jet black ; 

 breast, belly, under wing and tail-coverts, and under 

 surface of tail-feathers, pale chestnut; under surface of 



