434 ANTHID^E. 



lines and a half in breadth. The young are hatched early 

 in spring. 



The Rock Pipit, besides the localities already quoted, is 

 probably to be found on all the shores of the United King- 

 dom. Mr. Dunn says, it is abundant in all parts of Shet- 

 land and Orkney. Professor Nilsson says it is migratory in 

 Sweden, only visiting that country in summer : Mr. Hewit- 

 son saw it in Norway, and M. Temminck says that it goes 

 as far north as Greenland. Dr. Richardson and Mr. Swain- 

 son quote Anthus aquaticus as an inhabitant of North Ame- 

 rica ; but after a close examination of specimens from that 

 country agreeing exactly with Mr. Swainson^s excellent 

 figure, I cannot but consider that bird as distinct from our 

 own. 



On the European Continent, the Rock Pipit is abundant 

 over the maritime shores of Holland, and occasionally on 

 the borders of the Rhine. M. Vieillot says, it is seen as a 

 migratory bird on the banks of rivers in France ; and it is 

 included in Ornithological works referring to Provence, 

 Switzerland, and Italy, as an occasional visitor in summer ; 

 it is also found at Malta. M. Temminck says, that speci- 

 mens of this bird from Japan only differ from European 

 examples in the plumage being a little darker in colour, 

 and the spots on the under surface of the body being a little 

 larger. 



The beak is dark brown on the upper part of the upper 

 mandible, and on the point of both mandibles, the base and 

 edges of both pale yellow brown ; irides dark brown ; over 

 the eyes and ear-coverts a light-coloured streak, not always 

 conspicuous ; the top of the head, ear-coverts, nape of the 

 neck, back, wings, and upper tail-coverts, nearly uniform 

 olive brown, the centre of the feathers on the back only 

 being rather darker than their edges ; quill-feathers dark 



