TREE SPARROW. 519 



shire, as I learn from Robert Slaney, Esq., M.P., and Mr. 

 Thomas Eyton. In Lancaster it has been observed about 

 Chat Moss. On the eastern side of England, this bird 

 appears to be a winter visitor at Southchurch in Essex, ac- 

 cording to the observations of Mr. Parsons. It is found in 

 Surrey, Suffolk, Norfolk, Cambridgeshire, Eutland, Lincoln- 

 shire, about Wainfleet, in Yorkshire at various localities ; 

 in Durham, and also in Northumberland ; but I am unable 

 to trace it much farther north than Newcastle, and it does 

 not appear to have been noticed in Scotland. 



Professor Nilsson includes the Tree Sparrow in his work 

 on the Birds of Sweden, and also in his Fauna of Scandi- 

 navia, where he says it frequents gardens ; and some 

 authors have stated that this bird was found as far to the 

 west of the European Continent as Hudson's Bay and North 

 America ; but this appears to have been a mistake, and 

 refers to another species. The geographical range of the 

 Tree Sparrow is to the northward and the eastward ; it in- 

 habits Lapland and Siberia : specimens have been received 

 by Mr. Gould from the Himalaya mountain range and from 

 China, it has been found in Nepal and at Calcutta, and M. 

 Temminck includes it also in his Birds of Japan. In the 

 southern part of Europe it is well known, being rather a 

 common bird in France, Provence, Spain, and Italy, Sicily, 

 Malta and Africa. 



In summer the beak of the male is of a bluish lead 

 colour ; the irides hazel ; the head and neck chestnut, 

 bounded with white on each side of the neck ; the back 

 and wings reddish brown, streaked with pure black ; both 

 sets of wing-coverts black, edged with chestnut and tipped 

 with white ; primaries black, margined with brown ; ter- 

 tials broadly edged with chestnut brown ; rump and upper- 

 tail-coverts uniform pale brown ; tail-feathers greyish 



