560 FRINGILLID^E. 



supposed combination, that the geographical range of the 

 species is very considerable. It inhabits Scandinavia in 

 summer ; and M. Temminck says he has received speci- 

 mens from Greenland, which did not differ from those which 

 are obtained in Europe. Like most birds which visit the 

 Arctic Regions, this species is found in the northern parts of 

 America and Asia as well as Europe ; and M. Temminck 

 mentions having received specimens from Japan. 



The beak is much larger than that of the Common Red- 

 pole, but of the same form, and yellowish brown, the under 

 mandible being the lightest in colour; the irides dusky 

 brown ; in winter the feathers of the forehead dark red ; 

 back of the head, neck, upper part of the back, and the 

 smaller wing-coverts, a mixture of dark and light brown, 

 the middle of each feather being the darkest part ; the 

 smaller wing-coverts tipped with dull white, forming a short 

 bar; the greater wing-coverts uniform dark brown, with 

 broader ends of dull white, forming a conspicuous bar ; 

 quill- feathers greyish brown ; the primaries with narrow, 

 and the tertials with broader outer edges, of dull white ; 

 lower part of the back, the rump, and upper tail-coverts, 

 mealy, or greyish white, with a few dark brown streaks ; 

 tail-feathers greyish brown, with light brown edges, the 

 two in the middle short : the form of the tail deeply 

 forked ; the chin almost black ; the cheeks, ear-coverts, 

 neck, breast, belly, and under tail-coverts, pale brownish 

 white, streaked with darker brown, except on the middle of 

 the breast and belly, which are plain : the dark streaks are 

 largest on the flanks ; the legs, toes, and claws, dark 

 brown. 



The whole length five inches and a quarter. From the 

 carpal joint to the end of the wing, two inches and seven- 

 eighths : the first, second, and third quill-feathers nearly 



