LONG-TAILED DUCK. 361 



A male killed while intermediate, or in change with 

 reference to the two states of plumage described, had the 

 forehead black ; top of the head and the occiput white ; 

 cheeks brownish buff; all the neck mottled with black 

 and white ; scapulars and tertials white at the base, 

 black in the centre, and reddish-brown on the margin; 

 secondaries distinguished from the coverts and the primaries 

 by their lighter reddish-brown colour. 



Females have the forehead, crown, and back of the 

 neck, dark brown; the lore, or space between the base 

 of the bill and the eye, the ear-coverts, and sides of the 

 neck greyish-white ; below the ear-coverts, on both sides, 

 a patch of brown ; all the back and wings dark brown ; 

 primaries and tail-feathers almost black ; neck, in front, 

 light brown, clouded with darker brown; breast, belly, 

 and under tail-coverts white ; thighs and flanks pale ash- 

 brown, 



Females measure about sixteen inches in length, and 

 do not assume the white scapulars or the elongated tail- 

 feathers. 



Young birds for the first twelve months resemble the 

 females. Young males in their first winter may be distin- 

 guished from young females by being a little larger in size, 

 and in having the brown and the white parts about the 

 head and neck rather more pure in colour, and their limits 

 better defined. 



I am indebted to Richard Dann, Esq., for the use of a 

 beautiful series of examples of this species, from which the 

 various descriptions here given were derived. They were 

 the specimens referred to as shot at various periods through- 

 out the year in different parts of Scandinavia. 



The trachea of the male is about seven inches in length, 

 and very singular in its structure. At the bottom of the 



