810 CYPRINID.E. 



bony, strongly serrated on the posterior surface ; the third 

 ray flexible, and the longest ray in the fin ; all the other 

 rays flexible, the last ray double : the dorsal and anal fins 

 ending on the same plane. The pectoral fin arises imme- 

 diately behind the free edge of the operculum, its origin 

 semicircular, concave forwards, upper ray the longest, all 

 the rays flexible. Ventral fin commences, in a vertical line, 

 under the third ray of the dorsal fin ; first anal fin-ray bony 

 and strong, serrated posteriorly ; the other rays flexible, the 

 last double. The tail forked, the longest rays as long again 

 as those of the centre. The caudal rays of the two halves 

 of the tail always unequal in number in the Cyprinida. 

 The body covered with large scales, about twelve rows 

 between the ventral and dorsal fins : the general colour 

 golden olive brown, head darkest ; irides golden ; belly 

 yellowish white ; lateral line interrupted, straight ; the fins 

 dark brown. 



