436 RAIID.E. 



CHONDROPTERYGII. RAIIDJE. 



THE THORNBACK. 



Raia clavata, Thornback, WILLUGHBY, p. 74. 

 ,, ,, LJNNJEUS. CUVIER, Regne An. t. ii. p. 398. 



, , ,, Thornback, BLOCH, pt. iii. pi. 83, female. 



,, rubus, Rough Ray, ,, ,, pi. 84, male. 



,, clavata^ Thornback, MONTAGU, Wern. Mem. vol. ii.p. 416. 

 ,, PENN. Brit. Zool. vol. iii. p. 122, pi. 14, female. 



DON. Brit. Fish. pi. 26, female. 



,, ,, ,, FLEM. Brit. An. p. 170, sp. 19. 



,, ,, ,, JENYNS, Man. Brit. Vert. p. 516, sp. 205. 



,, ,, ,, COUCH'S MS. 



THE THORNBACK exhibits very marked distinguishing 

 characters, and being also a very common fish, is one of the 

 best known of the species of Rays, a term which Mr. 

 Couch considers to be derived from the Anglo-Saxon ' Reoh,' 

 which means c rough,' and is particularly appropriate to the 



