APPLE INSECTS 37 



gallons of water ; this is the most important spray- 

 ing and should be done thoroughly; spray from a 

 tower into the calyx ends of the young apples ; spray 

 again in 3 or 4 weeks and cover fruit and foliage 

 with a fine misty spray ; again the last week in July 

 for second brood. 



The round-headed borer" (Saperda Candida) 

 Order — Coleoptera. Manual p. 573 



Next after the codling moth the worst pest on 

 apples in the United States; eggs laid in June and 

 later, in incisions made in the bark; the eggs hatch 

 in 2 or 3 weeks and tunnel in the sapwood; they live 

 mostly near the surface of the ground, but often be- 

 low the earth, especially in young trees ; at end of 

 the second year the larvae are quite large and are 

 now deeper in the heartwood; the third spring the 

 larvae gnaw to the bark and there pupate ; the adult 

 beetles emerge in May and June, the insect having 

 taken three years for its life history; in West Vir- 

 ginia and in Arkansas the life cycle may be passed 

 in two years ; the beetle is a handsome long-horned 

 one, about an inch in length and has two conspicu- 

 ous white lines the whole length of its body. 



Control — Give orchards clean culture; cut out 

 borers with a sharp instrument like a chisel and 

 then apply some wash, for instance, concentrated 

 lime-sulphur, or an alkaline wash made by adding 

 caustic potash to soap and water until a thick 

 creamy mixture is formed; washes should be ap- 

 plied up to the lower limbs. 



Flat-headed borer ^ (ChrysobotJiris femorata) 

 Order — Coleoptera. Manual p. 549 



The second thoracic segment of the larva is wide, 



2 Becker— Ark. Expt. Stat., Bull. 146. 



3 Chittenden— U. S. Bu. Ent, Circ. 32. 



