APPLE INSECTS 39 



tips of the buds begin to show green; repeat just 

 before blossoms open ; repeat again after petals fall 

 which will also do for the first codling moth spray. 

 Combination sprays containing nicotine sulphate 

 and lime-sulphur may be used. 



Cigar case-bearer ^ {Coleophora fletcherella) 

 Order — Lepidoptera 



The half-grown caterpillars migrate in xA^ugust 

 and September from the leaves to the branches, 

 where they securely fasten their small curved cases 

 preparatory to passing the winter; in the early 

 spring the caterpillars in their cases become active, 

 move to the buds and begin to attack them; later 

 they attack the very young fruit but mostly mine 

 in the leaves remaining all of the time in their 

 cases ; about the middle of June they pupate and the 

 moths appear in July; the very small moths lay 

 their eggs on the leaves; these hatch in about 2 

 weeks and the tiny caterpillars spend the remainder 

 of the summer mining in the leaves. 



Control — Spray with arsenate of lead, 2j^ 

 pounds to 50 gallons of water just as the tips of the 

 buds begin to show green ; again before the blossoms 

 open; and again after petals fall. This is the same 

 as for the bud-moth. 



Pistol case-bearer^ {Coleophora malivorella) 

 Order — Lepidoptera 



Its case is shaped like a pistol and its life history 

 is very similar to that of the cigar case-bearer; the 

 larva, however, does not mine in the leaves but eats 

 the surfaces of them. 



Control — Same as for cigar case-bearer. 



5 Slingerland — Cornell Univ. Expt. Stat, Bull. 93. 



6 Slingerland — Cornell Univ. Expt. Stat., Bull. 124. , 



