52 INSECTS OF ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE 



apparently increasino- as a pest to the apple. See 

 plum pests for full discussion. 



OTHER IxNSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE APPLE 



The apple weevil {Pseudanthonojnits cratccgi). 



The fringed-wing apple bud-moth (Holcocera 

 maligemmcUa) . 



The apple bud-worm {Exartcma malamim) . 



The oblique banded leaf -roller {A r chips rosace- 

 ana). 



The leaf-crumpler {Mineola indigcnclla). 



The lime-tree span-worm (Eraniiis filiaria). 



Bruce's measuring-worm (RacJiela brnceata). 



The gypsy moth (PorfJicfria dispar). 



The brown-tail moth (Euproctis chrysorrhoca) . 



The apple leaf hopper (Empoasca mali). 



The bronze apple-tree weevil (Magdalis cuncs- 

 cens). 



PLUM PESTS 



At least 50 species of insects may feed upon the 

 plum tree and its fruit. 



The plum curculio ^^ (Conotrachclus nenuphar) 

 Order — Coleoptera. Manual, p. 593 



The adults hibernate in protected places along 

 hedgerow^s, fences, etc., and appear in spring; they 

 feed upon fruit, making shallow circular feeding 

 punctures; they soon begin depositing eggs in the 

 fruit, making a crescent-shaped cut beneath each 

 egg; eggs hatch in 4 to 10 days and live in the fruit 

 for about 14 days; the fruit usually falls to the 

 ground and the grubs enter the soil from i to 3 

 inches and pupate; in July and August the adults' 



31 Crandall— Illinois Expt. Stat, Bull. 98. 



Quaintance and Jenne — U. S. P>ii. Ent., Bull. 103. 



