PLUM INSECTS 53 



appear and eat holes in the sides of apples, at least; 

 these holes are usually surrounded by a dark ring 

 of skin ; beetles finally hibernate. This pest attacks 

 apples, cherries, plums, pears. 



Control — Remove all fences, hedgerows, stone 

 walls, etc., along sides of orchard; sunlight is fatal 

 to larvae, hence judicious pruning of trees and clean 

 cultivation useful; cultivate orchards in July and 

 August to kill pup?e; spray with arsenate of lead, 

 5 pounds to lOO gallons of water just after petals 

 fall and again ten days later. 



Plum scale ^^ (Lccanhtm corni) 

 Order — Hemiptera 



Eggs are laid in May and June and hatch mainly 

 in July ; the young insects live on the leaves during 

 the summer but migrate to the branches in the fall 

 before the leaves drop ; the young hibernate here, 

 but in the spring usually move to the smaller 

 branches where they complete their growth by the 

 latter part of May. 



Control — Spray young scales about July ist 

 with io% kerosene emulsion or nicotine sulphate, 

 I pint to lOO gallons of water with 4 pounds of soap 

 added; spray young scales on branches just before 

 buds burst with a miscible oil, i gallon to 15 gallons 

 water. 



The plum gouger •'^'^^ (AufJwnomus scttfellaris) 

 Order — Coleoptera 



Occurs particularly in the Northern Mississippi 

 Valley. Adults hibernate over winter and appear 

 in early spring, when they feed on buds and leaves ; 

 later make feeding punctures in fruit and finally 

 deposit eggs in cavities dug in fruit ; larvae bore into 



32 Slingerland— Cornell Univ. Expt. Stat., Bull. 83. 



33 Cooley— Mon. Expt. Stat., Bull, 62. 



