GRAPE INSECTS 75 



and injuriousness ; vines injured by the hoppers for 

 several years have a stunted growth and bear few 

 grapes. 



The adults appear before the leaves have un- 

 folded and feed until the middle of June when they 

 begin to deposit their eggs within the tissues of the 

 leaves ; the eggs hatch during the first two weeks of 

 July and the nymphs pass through five stages and 

 many become adults by August ist; they remain 

 on vines until the autumn when they leave to find 

 hibernating places; grassy ditch-banks, fence cor- 

 ners, hedgerows, and similar situations furnish hi- 

 bernating opportunities; there is one full brood, a 

 partial, and sometimes a full second brood; the 

 nymphs live mostly on the under sides of the leaves. 



Control — Nicotine sulphate, i to looo to 1600 

 is an efificient remedy. It must be sprayed on the 

 under sides of the leaves to be effective. Use a 

 large aperture in the nozzle and a pressure of 125 

 to 150 pounds. 



The grape-berry moth ^ (PoIycJirosis vifeana) 

 Order — Lepidoptera 



Nearly all wormy grapes in New York are caused 

 by the caterpillars of this moth; the moth is pur- 

 plish-brown with not quite half an inch spread of 

 wings; infested berries show a purplish spot on 

 their green surfaces and soon crack open at this 

 place; spores of fungi enter and cause the berries 

 to rot. 



The insect spends the winter as a pupa in cocoons 

 attached to the fallen leaves ; moths begin to appear 

 about June ist and lay their eggs preferably on the 

 youno" berries ; the young caterpillars feed on the 

 small berries, often slightly webbing them together; 

 this spring brood of larv?e is hardly noticed by 



6 Johnson and Hammar— U. S. Bu. Ent, Bull. 116, Pt. IL 



