86 INSECTS OF ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE 



and then begins to tunnel its way downward inside 

 of the stem ; after working downward a few inches 

 it girdles the young shoot just beneath the bark 

 which causes the tip to wilt; the maggot then tun- 

 nels farther downward until it reaches the surface 

 of the ground; here it finally changes to a pupa in 

 June and July; the pupa remains there until the 

 following spring when the fly emerges; one brood 

 a year. 



Control — As soon as the drooping canes are 

 seen in the spring they should be cut off several 

 inches below the girdle and burned. 



The raspberry root-borer ^^ (Bembecia margi- 



nafa) 

 Order — Lepidoptera 



The adult moths are clear-winged and closely re- 

 lated to the peach-tree borer ; the borer or larva is 

 yellowish-white and i to i^^ inches long; they at- 

 tack the stems and roots of raspberries and black- 

 berries, causing the plants to die. 



The moths appear in August and September and 

 lay their brownish-red eggs on the lower side of the 

 leaves ; the larvae crawl down the stems and burrow 

 beneath the bark; they may hibernate at once or if 

 early they will feed and grow some l^efore winter; 

 the next summer they bore into the stems and roots 

 sometimes girdling the stem at the crown and at- 

 tacking new shoots; during the next summer the 

 larvae become full-grown and pupate, the moths 

 appearing in August and September. 



Control — The only way of controlling this pest 

 is to pull up infested plants and burn them. 



24 Smith— N. J. Expt. Stat., Bull. N, p. 9. 



Lawrence — Washington Expt. Stat., Bull. 63. 



