of the Subfamily Clupeine. 11 
Anal 19 to 21. 55 to 60 scales ina longitudinal, 17 or 18 in 
a transverse series. Scutes 23 or 24414 to 16. Silvery ; 
back bluish. 
Lake Garda. 
Here described from a specimen of 150 mm. 
Two others, 100 and 125 mm. long, have respectively 
28 and 32 gill-rakers on the lower part of the anterior arch. 
Pavesi (‘ Pesci e Pesca Ticino,’ 1872) quotes Canestrini to 
the effect that there may be as many as 61 gill-rakers on the 
anterior arch (7. e. about 40 on the lower part) ; this form is 
said to attain a length of 400 mm., and it is probable that in 
specimens of that size the number of gill-rakers is still 
greater. 
SaRpDINA, Antipa, 1906. 
Denkschr. Akad. Wien, xxiii. p. 54. 
Clupanodon (part.), Lacép. Hist. Nat. Poiss. v. p. 468 (1803) ; Jordan 
& Evyermann, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlvii. 1896, p. 423 (nec Jord. & 
Gilb. 1883). 
Elongate, moderately compressed; abdomen not sharp- 
edged. Mouth moderate, the maxillary not extending beyond 
middle of eye; lower jaw not prominent ; upper without or 
with slight median notch; teeth minute or absent, none on 
vomer. Hye with well-developed adipose lids. Operculum 
with grooves radiating towards suboperculum. Dorsal fin of 
16 to 20 rays, highest anteriorly, in the middle of the length 
of the fish, its origin nearer to end of snout than to base of 
caudal; a scaly sheath at base extending to tip of last ray. 
Anal of 16 to 20 rays, low, depressible in a scaly sheath ; 
two last rays enlarged. Caudal forked; on each side en- 
larged scales at the inner edge of the scaly part of each lobe. 
Pectorals scaly at base; pelvics 8-rayed, inserted below 
middle or posterior part of dorsal. About 54 scales in a 
longitudinal and 10 to 14 in a transverse series; ventral 
scutes keeled, but not projecting beyond the edges of the 
groove in which they lie. Vertebre 50 to 53. 
Synopsis of the Species and Subspecies. 
I. Seales unequal, the oblique rows alternately of larger and smaller 
scales, the former covering the latter, so that 30 or less are 
counted in a longitudinal series. 
More than 60 gill-rakers on lower part of ante- 
PRE EM cata 9 sss) > + 0 = 0 eam ate oe 1. pilchardus. 
Not more than 60 gill-rakers on lower part of 
TEROLIOTIALC Hamer ery tes a.¢ «0 ev erstetareates .»+, La, pilchardus sardina, 
