of the Subfamily Clupeine. 3 
from Spratella only in having the dorsal fin a little farther 
forward and the pelvic fins a little farther back. The only 
species of this group that I have seen (Clupea delicatula, 
Nordm.) differs from Clupea in the structure of the anal 
fin, which has the third last ray shorter than the one 
preceding it and the last two rays enlarged, almost forming 
separate finlets, just as in Sardina and Sardinella. This 
is an important character, and, in my opinion, shows that 
these little fishes are not at all closely related to Clupea 
sprattus, and do not belong to the genus Clupea as restricted 
above. 
Synopsis of the Spectes. 
I, Pelvic fins 9- (rarely 8- or 10-) rayed, inserted behind vertical from 
origin of dorsal; preoperculum as broad as operculum; vomer 
toothed. Dorsal 17-21. Anal 14-20. Vertebre 50-59, Gill- 
rakers on lower part of anterior arch, in adult, 40-51. 
Ventral scutes keeled both in front of and behind pelvic 
HT. SE > PR Ohaind Get DOU DE CODE OT Cees 1. harengus. 
Ventral scutes in front of pelvic fins not keeled ......., 2. pallasi, 
II. Pelvic fins inserted nearly in vertical from origin of dorsal; oper- 
culum broader than przeoperculum. Dorsal 15-19. Anal 17-21. 
Vertebrae 46-51, Gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch, in 
adult, 34-41. 
A. Pelvic fins 8-rayed. 
Vomer toothless; vertebrae 49-51 ....... ccc eee ee 3. fuegensis. 
Wonterstootnless)s vente bice:4 ON .in sins sls inisi ove sis ois) sree cires 04 4. bassensis, 
VGLIGI EC UTG GMO LaeiRIns IIc OOD ISS ENCED TIDE acer 5. holodon. 
B. Pelvic fins 7-rayed ; vomer toothless .,........ 6. sprattus, 
1. Clupea harengus. 
Clupea harengus, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, p. 317 (1758); Giinth. Cat. 
Fish. vii. p. 415 (1868) ; Day, Fish. Britain, ii. p. 208, pl. cxxxviii. 
fig. 2 (1884) ; Smitt, Scandinavian Fish. p. 954, pl. xliii. fig. 1, & 
xliv. fig. 1 (1895) ; Jord. & Everm. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlvii. 1896, 
p- 421. 
Depth of body from less than 4 to more than 5 times in 
the length, length of head 33 (young) to44, Snoutas long as 
or longer than diameter of eye, which is 35 to 44 in the length 
of head ; maxillary extending nearly to below middle of eye, 
or sometimes beyond. An elongate-ovate patch of teeth on 
the vomer. 44 to 51 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior 
arch. Preeoperculum nearly or quite as broad as operculum, 
which is narrower than diameter of eye. 55 to 65 scales ina 
longitudinal and 14 to 16 in a transverse series. Ventral scutes, 
except sometimes a few anterior ones, all distinctly keeled ; 
12 to 20 between pelvic fing and anus. Dorsal 17 to 21; 
1* 
