Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 197 
the surface), between tide-marks. He thought the sub- 
saline quality of the water so far up this inlet, at ebb-tides, 
not congenial to other forms. The tube at first sight re- 
sembles that of S. granulatus, but appears to be coiled from 
right to left, whereas that of the common form is sinistral. 
lt shows a deep groove on the summit and two ridges. 
Occasionally the aperture of the tube is turned upward. 
All the specimens are of one size and small, so that they 
may not be adult. 
Montagu* found Spirorbis carinatus common on Arca 
pilosa and Pinna ingens on the south coast, and describes it 
as having “a dull, opaque, white, spiral shell; the outer 
‘whirl’ rising into a carimated ridge on the top ; the middle 
concave, sometimes pervious ; the interior volutions incon- 
spicuous; base a little spreading; aperture round. Size 
about half that of the S. spirorbis, from which it is readily 
distinguished by the angulated shape of the exterior ‘ whirl,’ 
which is formed like S. triquetra, but always regularly 
spiral.” Fleming + adds little to the original description, 
though he states that the “ surface is transversely wrinkled, 
the whole less regular than the preceding (S. granulatus), 
with the aperture more ascending.” His examples appear 
to have come from Shetland. Miss Bush ¢ thinks Fleming’s 
form approaches S. quadrangularis, Stimpson, adding, “ but 
it is not improbable both species occur on the English 
coast.” She alludes to two forms, one dextral from 
(juernsey and Ireland, the other sinistral from England, 
but comes to no definite conclusion. 
The tubes from Exmouth (1822) are small, and have a 
reversed coil (sinistral) to that of Spirorbis heterostrophus. 
The inner side of the last whorl is broadly grooved, whilst a 
ridge runs along the top of the coil. The aperture is round, 
the centre is either filled up by the early coils or is blank— 
forming a large umbilicus. It resembles a young Syirorbis 
granulatus, but only one groove is distinct. Levinsen, again 
(2883), shows two ridges in his figure, and is of opinion that 
it is synonymous with S. guadrangularis, Stimpson. 
In the British Museum § a specimen labelled ‘ Spirorbis 
carinaius, Montagu,” is attached to a Polyzoon like a 
large Salicornaria, from Greenland (Copenhagen Museum). 
The specimen has branchiz with long, tapering, terminal 
* Test. Brit. ii. p. 502 (1803). 
+ Edinb. Philos. Journ. vol. xii. p. 244. 
¢ ‘Tubicolous Annelids from the Pacific,’ p. 249. 
§ I am indebted to Dr. Harmer, Dr. Calman, and Mr. Tate Regan for 
their courteous aid in the examination of this and other specimens. 
