414 Dr. C. W. Andrews on a new Baboon from 
wear. The length of the molar series taken together is 
43 mm. 
Mandible (P\. XV. fig. 4).—The mandible is very massively 
constructed, probably in correlation with the large size of 
the teeth. The symphysis is deep ; its upper surface between 
the incisors, canines, and third premolars is only slightly 
concave from side to side, and slopes gently downwards and 
backwards till, at about the level of pm, it turns suddenly 
downwards to the deep geniohyal fossa. The shallowness 
and length of this upper part of the symphysis seem to be 
exceptional. In Papio, where also it is not very deeply con- 
cave from side to side, it terminates about the level of the 
back of pm;; in Theropithecus this region is much more deeply 
coneaye and slopes more steeply downwards ; in Macacus it is 
altogether shorter. In Papio falconeri, Lydekker, sp., from 
the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills, the mandible is massive 
and deep, as in the present species ; but even in this case 
the symphysis is shorter, and at the same time the teeth are 
relatively smaller. The outer face of the horizontal ramus 
beneath the premolars and first molar is nearly flat, showing 
little trace of the concavity seen in this position in Papio 
and Theropithecus, especially in the males. In Macacus the 
depression is less marked, especially in the females, and in 
the so-called Papio falconert it is much as in the present 
specimen. The anterior border of the ascending ramus 1s 
straight or even slightly concave; in the other apes with 
which comparison has been made it is convex at least in its 
upper portion ; this nearly straight anterior border is inclined 
considerably backwards. The coronoid process rises above 
the condyle; it is larger and more prominent than in 
Macacus and Theropithecus, and is thickened at its upper 
end. The condyle is wider from side to side than in Ma- 
cacus and Papio, in this respect resembling that of Thero- 
pithecus ; the greater width is accounted for by the consider- 
able degree to which it projects on the inner side. In the 
type-specimen there is on the outer face of the ascending 
ramus, a little beneath the base of the coronoid process, a 
well-marked prominénce, perforated below by a foramen 
which I have not seen in any other ape mandible. In the 
female mandible the outer face of the ascending ramus is 
only slightly concave in front of the ridge running down 
from the condyle, much as in Macacus, while in another jaw, 
probably of a male, this concavity is a little more marked, 
but less so than in the female Theropithecus ; in the males 
of Papio and Theropithecus this depression is strongly 
developed. The angle of the jaw is not preserved in the 
