22 British Vegetable Galls 



imagines to make their way out, may be put in a glass-top box, 

 a bottle, or glass jar. The neck of the bottle should be closed 

 with a plug of cotton wool and the mouth of the jar covered 

 with leno or tulle. Others requiring moisture should be put in 

 a glass jar which has a depth of about an inch of sand or earth 

 at the bottom. Nothing besides the galls and a label should 

 be in the jars, or other insects may appear from buds, leaves, 

 petioles, etc., and cause confusion in determination. 



The sand for this purpose must be thoroughly washed and 

 baked. The earth also must be baked. This will destroy 

 minute organisms which might grow and disturb the accuracy 

 of the observations. Both the sand and the earth should be 

 moistened with water which has been boiled and allowed to get 

 cold. The addition of two or three drops of carbolic acid to 

 each wineglassful of water will still further prevent the possi- 

 bility of fungoid growths. 



Do not remove the galls as soon as the first imagines appear. 

 Parasites and inquilines, and sometimes hyper-parasites, appear 

 a long while afterwards, and these are also required for identi- 

 fication. 



Small plants such as the violet, wood hawk-weed, veronica, 

 bedstraw, etc., should be dug up (with as much earth as 

 convenient left around the roots), wrapped in paper, and 

 replanted upon the return home. All leaves not galled should 

 be carefully removed. 



When specimens growing on trees are of the kinds which 

 will not continue their development after being removed from 

 the tree, it is advisable to place over them a bag of leno or 

 tulle, and secure it to the branch with fine string in such a 

 manner as to prevent the escape of the imagines. The spot 

 should be visited frequently to make observations, and to renew 

 the leno if damaged by wet or other causes. 



Imagines of large size, as compared with the average 

 gall-producers, are the easiest to rear. Little difficulty is 

 experienced with Uropliora cardui, Rhodites rosce, and Aulax 

 gkchoma;, provided the galls are gathered at the right time. 

 The galls of the Eriophyidce always contain imagines, as also 

 individuals of the previous stages, and may be gathered at 

 any time. 



The methods of securing the imagines upon emersion are 



