Galls caused by the queen, larvse, and nymphs of 

 Schizoneura fodiens Buckton 



the roots of Pyrus Malus Linn. 

 PLATE 12. 



Synonymy of Insect. 



Habitat of the Apple-tree.— Grows in orchards and gardens 

 throughout Britain. 



The Gall is formed by the exudation of the sap resulting 

 from the continuous punctures of the rostra of the aphides. 



Position. — On the roots, under ground. 



Manner of Growth. — Irregular-shaped scabious swellings. 



Colour.— The same as the cortex of the root. 



Average Dimensions of a Mature Specimen. 

 Girth, 150 mm. 



May be sought during any month in the year. 



The Typical Condition of the gall is multinymphal. 



The aphides causing these scabious swellings on the roots 

 and rootlets of apple-trees affect also the roots of black currant 

 bushes, but to a somewhat less degree, although the insidious 

 mischief they do is, in both cases, considerable, and the trees 

 suffer in proportion. The study of them is not easy, but if dug 

 up during the summer the chances are many of finding the 

 creatures upon them. Mr. Furlongcr, head gardener on a private 

 estate at St. Leonards, kindly dug up the entire roots of an old 

 apple-tree, to afford me an opportunity of securing specimens. 



The illustration is of specimens dug up at St. Leonards by 

 Mr. Furlonger. 



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