OF NATURE STUDY. 



— 23 



THIRD READER. 



Motions of sun, moon, earth, and planets, as they appear. Eclipses more 

 fully. Observe different constellations of stars — position of sun at different 

 seasons — effect — position of moon in various months. Observe wind each day — 

 prevailing- direction — -when strongest — effect on trees. Soil of different kinds, 

 water. 



WINTER. 



As before passing to consideration of glacier, iceberg, avalanche, Arctic 

 region, its plants and animals. Effects of freezing water on soil, rock, etc. 



Observe shapes of trees, nests in them. 



Examine structure of buds, twigs. 



Winter condition oi former animals, also flies, mosquitoes, crayfish, snails, 

 clams, spiders, coccoons and chrysalids. 



Study seeds and fruits collected previous fall. 



SPRING AND SUMMER. 



Collect plants — preserve a few properly named. 



Group plants according to place \:>'( growth — in water, in swamps, in moist 

 soil, in sand. 



Begin to compare plants and find those which resemble each other most — 

 bulbs, root stocks, corms, etc. 



Observe leaves, bark, wood, and general appearance of forest trees. Use 

 and relation to soil. Compare a tree growing in a forest with one of the same 

 kind growing in the open, away from other trees. 



Extent o'l forests in Canada now and in former years. How to preserve 

 forests — pulpwood. 



Birds and animals continued more in detail, passing from local to foreign 

 species by means oi pictures and descriptions. 



Different kinds offish — whitefish, herring, perch. 



Butterflies and moths. Collect larva; and note transformation. Injurious 

 species. How to destroy them by spraying. 



Lite history' of a few common insects, e. g., fl\', mosquito, butterfl}-, dragon- 

 fly, codling moth. 



FALL. 



Collect cones of evergreens — keep till seeds discharge. Observe those 

 which remain o\\ tree all winter. When do they fall ? 



Plants, especially of sunflower type, (composites). Detailed study of two or 

 three. 



Crayfish, spiders, snail, slug, clam, bee — Instinct. 



Comparison of the two great types of plants, bean-type and wheat-type. 

 Compare leaves, stems, flowers and seeds. 



Improvement of species by grafting, cultivating, selecting seed. 



FOURTH CLASS. 

 Previous course more fully studied, inquiring into causes. 



