18 PRELIMINARY EEMAEKS. 



5. From Bangalore, 156 miles. 



6. From Calicut, 103 miles, via " Sispara Pass ;" and 156 

 miles, by the " Goodaloor Pass." 



7. From Tellicherry 127 miles ; and Cannanore, 141 miles. 

 The expense of travelling by rail, transit, and dak, by these 



different routes, may be stated, on a rough average, as fol- 

 lows : 



No. 1 180 rupees, all expenses included. 



No. 2 150. 



No. 3 180 to 200. No Transit Carriage. 



No. 4 80. Ditto. 



No. 5 •— 55. Transit Carriage. 



No. 6 60 to 90. No Transit Carriage. , 



No. 7 80 to90. Ditto. 



Passes oe Ghauts. 



The Neilgherry district communicates with the neigh- 

 bouring provinces by means of six passes or ghauts,* the 

 roads in w^hich have been cut and kept in repair at the ex- 

 pense of Government ; with the exception of one, the " Man- 

 aar" or ** Soondaputty" ghaut, which has gone out of general 

 use. Two, however, of these passes only, are ascended by 

 wheeled conveyances ; the mode of transit on all the others 

 being by palankeens, and ponies. By two, the " Seegoor," by 

 which the Transit carriages from Bangalore, and cart loads of 

 1,000 lbs. weight, or 2 candies, easily ascend, an additional pair 

 of bullocks being required, to help the carriage or cart over 

 the steepest parts of the ascent ; and ihe " Coonoor" pass, will 

 shortly be thus passable ; even now light conveyances may 

 ascend by it. 



* The approaches to the Hills have been much altered since Dr. 

 Baikie's timci and the description of them, as now existing, follows. — Ed. 



