BEGINNINGS OF ENGLISH COLONIZATION 47 



Bristol once more sent forth Captain James as a counter- 

 blast to Captain Fox, whose expedition was equipped by 

 Londoners in the same year (1631). 



Colonization also fell into the hands of commercial thus the 

 Companies, which showed a similar division of England into f.^f'y!^^' 

 a south-eastern and a south-western half. In 1606 a d.oxi}o\t ginia Com- 



Company was formed, the London branch of which was \_q P<^^y ^^^^^^^ 



to go south, 

 occupy a southern settlement, and the Plymouth, Exeter, and and the 



Bristol branch of which was to occupy a northern settlement in Y^h'ir^^ 



North America, or what was then called ' Virginia/ The ginia Com- 



southern border of ' Virginia ' wa^-^4^ N. lat., which was also P^^yf'^^^^f 



the southern border of the land'^which Verrazzano purported in 



to annex to France, and its northern border was originally ^w^nr«, 



45° N. lat. The settlements were to be coastal settlements 



situated one hundred miles from one another, and extending 



one hundred miles inland and one hundred miles out to sea/ 



This dualism was derived from Sir H. Gilbert's scheme for 



a northern and southern settlement ; and it seemed as though 



America were destined to reproduce English dualism, its 



northern coasts being reserved for West-English, and its 



southern coasts for East-English settlers. 



Shortly before the Virginian patent was granted, but this 



Bartholomew Gosnold sailed from Falmouth at the expense ^^^^ ^{^^f 



*^ ciown before 



of Sir W, Ralegh (1602), Martin Pring from Bristol 2X\(i2i,and 



the expense of Bristol merchants (1603), and George ^"^^^^^^^'^ 



Weymouth on behalf of the Papist Earl of Arundel (1605) — multiplex; 



who played a part towards the western branch of the 



Company like that played by Sir G. Peckham towards Sir 



H. Gilbert — in order to prospect the projected northern 



settlement, which was afterwards called New England. In 



1607 a pure West-English colony was established at 



Monhegan Island, off the coast of Maine, by Captain George 



Popham, brother of Sir John Popham, a Somersetshire man, 



and by Ralegh Gilbert, Sir Humphrey's youngest son. It 



^ Purchas, Pilgrims, vol. xviii, p. 399, 



