52 HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF NEWFOUNDLAND 



and soldiers V and Colbert planted old soldiers on the 



Richelieu. Thirdly, limited or temporary emigration was 



regarded as necessary to start the colony ; thus Richelieu's 



hundred Associates were ordered to send four thousand 



French men and women to Canada in fifteen years, and 



artisans were induced to emigrate, but also to return, by 



making them masters at home after six years' service in the 



colony.'^ As in Spain, residence in a colony was regarded as 



a privilege, was sometimes allowed for a term, was often 



refused, and was regulated with watchful jealousy in the 



supposed interests of the parent state. Indeed, great pains 



were taken to select soldier artisans as well as civiHan artisans 



for colonial service.^ 



chiejly be- The French aim was to found one great dominion like 



cau&e their ^^^ Indian Empire, but with a small sprinkling of French- 



and re- men, who Were to constitute the ruling classes. Their aim 



matned ^^g single, and their dominion was to spread from ocean to 



ocean, for their plans were laid out on a continental scale, 



and it was clear that they would prevent, if they could, the 



British lion from lying across the entrance of the great 



avenue of approach to their dominion. Newfoundland was 



the lodge-gate of Canada, and must not be left in the hands 



of a possible enemy. 



while Eng- The English plan was dual, and the French plan was 



hsh //fl«^^ single. Englishmen abandoned their dual plan, and French- 



and became men pursued their single plan. The English colonies 



\ifold. developed upon infinitely divergent and unexpected lines, 



and had separate histories; while French colonial history 



was — like its policy — one, unchanging, and predetermined. 



The rich disorderly vitality of the English colonists presented 



a strange contrast with the thin monotony of the vast French 



colony of Canada. 



^ Lescarbot, op. cit., 1609, Livre IV, ch. i ; ed. 1866, p. 413. 

 2 Canada r Documents, dr'c.j vol. i, p. 69, article xiii. 

 ^ See e.g. Ordre du Roi^ Jan. 5, 1697 ; MS. copy in the Archives ot 

 the Dominion of Canada of the French Records. 



mantj 



