98 HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF NEWFOUNDLAND 



A chaplain 

 accom- 

 panied the 

 covimand- 

 ant, and 

 Church 

 History 

 began ^ 

 1697. 



summon them together for common defence in case of actual 

 invasion'.^ Moody, when commandant of St. John's, inter- 

 preted these double negatives by appointing civilian com- 

 mandants at Carbonear and Bonavista, which, or islands near 

 which, were duly fortified. There were now three fortified 

 centres — or war-camps — to which the inhabitants could retire 

 in their hour of need, as Colonel Gibson had advised. 



With Colonel Gibson came as chaplain the Rev. John 

 Jackson, the first resident English minister of religion since 

 1629. But the relations between Church and State were not 

 happy. The chaplain, who was salaried by the Society for 

 the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, denounced 

 the commandants, and more especially the lieutenants of the 

 commandants. One lieutenant, he said, had a ' hellish mind ', 

 and he urged the appointment of his own blameless son as 

 lieutenant in the place of the wicked one. Another lieu- 

 tenant's house was disreputable, and he urged that the 

 scandalous officer should be evicted, and that his irreproach- 

 able self, wife, and eleven children should be installed in the 

 empty, swept, and garnished premises. His accusations 

 might or might not be true, but the home authorities un- 

 charitably imputed them to interested motives, and pressed 

 for his dismissal, which he anticipated by resigning. The 

 army was the origin of the Church in Newfoundland ; and 

 we read in 1699 of disbanded soldiers turning settlers here, 

 as they did in other parts of the British Empire.^ 

 De Suber- After D'Iberville's raid, and the garrisoning of St. John 

 St. John's ^^^ soldiers, commandants, and chaplains, an interlude of 

 impotence ensued. Admiral Sir John Leake destroyed 

 French fishing-ships and rooms between Trepassey and 

 St. Pierre (1702). Admiral Graydon, while on his way 

 to England from the West Indies, threatened Placentia (1703), 



by land 

 from 

 Placentia, 

 1705. 



1 Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series, yisxch. 2,^, 16^2,. Comp. 

 Documents relatifs, &c., vol. i, p. 613 ; Br. Mus. MSS. 15492, fol. 2, 5. 

 ^ Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series, May 24, 1699. 



