128 HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF NEWFOUNDLAND 



St. John's The second great Anglo-French duel for the possession of 

 ^and retaken ^^^ North- American colonies broke out in 1742, and but for 

 during the a more or less lucid interval (1748-56) lasted until the Peace 

 ?742 T^' ^^ ^^^^^ {1763). The full fury of the storm broke on Acadia, 

 1763. Cape Breton Island, and Quebec, and only its distant mutter- 



ings were heard in Newfoundland. Newfoundland was once 

 more a cave of shadows and echoes from the real world. As 

 the storm arose Duviviers sailed against Placentia, and was 

 driven back by contrary winds (1744); so that this danger 

 passed away.^ And once more, while the storm was sub- 

 siding, the shadows assumed substance and the echoes 

 became a voice. Late in June 1762 four French warships 

 under Count d'Haussonville seized Bay Bulls, St. John's, 

 Trinity Harbour, and Carbonear Island, all of which sur- 

 rendered without resistance. Captain Douglas, of H.M.S. 

 Syren, sent word to Lord Graves, the Governor, who was then 

 on his way to Newfoundland. Lord Graves, after making 

 preparations for the defence of Boys Island and Placentia by 

 marines, sent word to the military authorities in New York. 

 Colonel W. Amherst was promptly sent to the rescue from 

 New York, landed in Torbay with soldiers slightly inferior in 

 number to their antagonists ; seized Quidi Vidi, Signal Hill, 

 and St. John's; and on September 20 the whole French 

 army, 700 or 800 strong, capitulated, but the French navy 

 escaped in a fog. 

 Under the The war was terminated by the Treaty of Paris (1763), 

 'paris'sf ""^^^ which Canada, Cape Breton Island, New Brunswick, 

 Pierre and and Nova Scotia became English, and the French regained 

 fecarm^ St. Pierre and Miquelon, which they undertook not to fortify 

 French but to occupy for the purposes only of the French fishermen. 

 Jrmir^ French fishing-rights were conceded in the Gulf of St. Law- 

 fishing rence, but not within three leagues of the coasts thereof or of 

 Tn^the^^^ any British island therein, or within fifteen leagues of Cape 

 Treaty Breton Island; and the fishing and drying rights between 

 renewed. ^ W. Bollan, Ancient Rights to the American Fishery, 1764, p. 55. 



