146 HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF NEWFOUNDLAND 



victims.^ The last of the Eskimos of Belle Isle Strait con- 

 tinued after 1763 to cross over to Newfoundland, where they 

 were met at Quirpon Island (1764) and were at last reconciled 

 to Europeans by Moravian missionaries, who settled by their 

 side, trading for them and converting them, first in Chateau Bay 

 (i 765), then far north of Cartwright's furthest in Nain (1771),'' 

 Okkak (1775),^ and Hopedale (1782).'' Frenchmen won the 

 hearts of the Indians ; Moravians won the hearts of the 

 Eskimos; tactful Englishmen, who came into Labrador 

 after 1763, amongst whom Captain George Cartwright 

 and his partner Lieutenant Francis Lucas were pre-eminent, 

 addressed themselves with equal success both to the Indians 

 and Eskimos, and the eternal feuds of savages began to fade 

 away in the dawn of the white man's civilization. Governor 

 Palliser (1764-8), who encouraged Cartwright, Lucas, and 

 the Moravians, and made treaties with the Mountaineers and 

 Eskimos at Fort Pitt in Chateau Bay, added the coping-stone 

 to the work of pacification. The only hindrance to these 

 pleasant relations arose from certain New Englanders, who 

 followed in the wake of the traders, made mischief with the 

 natives, and in the Nineties became great whalers and 

 walrusers, concentrating their main destructive efforts on the 

 whales of Fortune Bay in the south of Newfoundland, and on 

 the walruses of the neighbouring Magdalen Islands, where 

 however there were no aborigines. Nor were the fishing- 

 admirals a help either in these or in other matters. 

 Then By the proclamation of October 7, 1763, Labrador, 



Labrador Anticosti, and the Maprdalen Islands had been annexed to the 



was defined ' ° 



differently, colony of Newfoundland; but opposition to the fishing- 

 ^'^ , admirals, and to the system which they represented, was 

 gained raised by those who fished, traded, or settled in Labrador and 

 Tound/and ^^^ Magdalens under the protection of Canadian law, and 

 /ost. caused Labrador, and with Labrador the Magdalen Islands 



1 Colonial Papers y 1574-1660, vol. x, No. 38. 



"" 56° 33' N. lat. 3 s;** 34' N. lat. < 55° 3' N. lat. 



