l68 HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF NEWFOUNDLAND 



(3) or 

 north-east- 

 ward to 

 Bonavista 

 Bay, and 

 south-east- 

 7vard to 

 Placentia 

 and other 

 Bays. 



by two Bays and a river. In Cormack's time every northern 

 route that led east of Hall Bay and Grand Lake, north of a 

 line drawn between King George IV Lake and Island Lake, 

 and west of the line formed by Great Ratding Brook and the 

 Lower Exploits, was bolted and barred to the Micmac ; even 

 the Lower Gander was fraught with danger; for their im- 

 placable foes dwelt there or wandered there ; so that for many 

 years to come they only ventured into the forbidden enclave 

 with fear and trembling and under the English aegis. 



The third branch way led by Eastern Maelpeg Lake either 

 to the source of the Gander, and so down the Gander directly 

 to Notre Dame Bay or indirectly to Freshwater Bay, or down 

 Terranova River into Bonavista Bay, a few miles south of 

 Freshwater Bay, Cormack seems to have known only of the 

 Gander — D' Espoir variation of this route ; and the Terranova 

 — D' Espoir variation was mentioned — indeed the Terranova 

 River itself was mentioned — for the first time in 1840.^ This 

 branch way admitted other variations and extensions, and in 

 1840 it was quite common for the Micmacs to strike the 

 headwaters of Piper's Hole, close by the Isthmus of Avalon, 

 from affluents of Eastern Maelpeg Lake, so that the Micmacs 

 could reach though ' they are seldom or never observed on the 

 eastern shores where the white man chiefly dwells'.^ They 

 roamed from river to river between White and Bonne Bays and 

 the Bay of Islands, St. George, White Bear, D' Espoir, Fortune, 

 Placentia, Bonavista, and perhaps Gander Bays, even before 

 their fear of the Beothics ceased ; and after their fear ceased 

 their travels were only shortened and multiplied; their 

 arcs were turned into chords, and their rough paths were 

 made smooth. 



TToXXa 8' avavTa Karavra irapavra re 8o;(/>tta t rjkOov. 

 English- Their many ways led up, down, across, and athwart the 



Towid trips ^^'^y ^^ ^^^^ island, always by fresh water and never round its 



^ Jukes, op. cit.y vol. ii, p. 105. 



'^ Bonnycastle, op. cit., vol. i, pp. 212, 213. 



