PROGRESS BY LAND, 1818-1910 1 79 



railroad with eight or ten miles depth behind the frontage, or 

 elsewhere. Canadian superseded New York capital, and 

 success resulted. Reid's railway route is semicircular like 

 a horseshoe or new moon, links east and west, touches the 

 head of every important eastern and western bay except in 

 Petit Nord — as the chimney-shaped peninsula which shoots 

 up north from Bonne and White Bay is still called — and has 

 made the country, except Petit Nord, one country. It has 

 multiplied branch roads, for instance, between the head and 

 foot of Trinity Bay, and has assisted, though it did not 

 initiate, the lumber movement of the Nineties. In 1890 the 

 first inland village in Newfoundland sprang into life around 

 a saw-mill on the Exploits, and around Reid's railway stations 

 on the Gambo, Gander, and Exploits, townships modelled 

 on the Canadian system were marked out and lumber 

 villages grew up. These townships on the railroad were the 

 first examples of colonization by townships in the history of 

 Newfoundland. 



In 1905 a new pulp-and-lumber-concessionaire entered (4) ^^ 

 upon the scene in the person of Messrs. Harmsworth alias ^%j/% i^, 

 the Anglo-Newfoundland Development Company, alias the iand under 

 Daily Mail of London; which took a 99 years' timber and fj^^^^^^/'" 

 mineral lease of the area drained by the Exploits and not to mam- 

 occupied by the Reid Newfoundland Railway Company or ^eiotment 

 the Exploits Lumber Company, at Si-, per square mile per companies. 

 annum, plus royalties on timber cut and rhinerals won, and 

 subject to a condition to spend £150,000 in twenty years on 

 pulp or paper mills; and since 1905 the spirit of a modern 

 newspaper has brooded over scenes once haunted by the 

 Beothics. In 1908-9 dams and reservoirs were opened by 

 the Company on the Exploits at Grand Falls which is now 

 the principal inland settlement in Newfoundland. Similar pulp 

 concessions were granted to others on the Gander and Terra 

 Nova and at Conne Bay in 1909-10. The new policy of the 

 Nineties was to bring in settlers, and Canadian or English 



N 2 



