184 HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF NEWFOUNDLAND 



the United States and Canada almost equally,^ and are 

 clothed by England, and that three-fourths of the coal which 

 drives their steam-engines is derived from Nova Scotia, and 

 the rest of it from the United States and England. The first 

 table, supplemented as before, shows that the only important 

 produce of the soil is exported, that it represents at most 

 only one-seventh of the industry of the country, that half of it 

 goes to Canada and the rest in unequal thirds to the United 

 States, England, and Holland ; that the whole of it would not 

 even pay the bread-bill ; and that the attempt to read New- 

 foundland like a book from the inside only throws a faint 

 light on a minute fraction of its industrial life. 

 Political Political history had almost as little to do with land as 

 ^TsTrom a industrial history. From 18 18 to 1825, SirC. Hamilton, who 

 nominee was permanent resident Governor and Commander-in-Chief 

 182T-32, <^f ^h^ ri2iV2X station at Newfoundland, ruled without a Council. 

 to repre- From 1825 to 1 832, which was the year of the English Reform 

 l%\i ^Znd Act, Sir T. Cochrane, who was the new Governor, happened 



responsible to be a Captain in the Royal Navy, and governed with the 



govern- 

 ment, 1855, 



^ '^ assistance of a nominee Council. Then Sir T. Cochrane 

 inaugurated Representative institutions, and from 1832 to 1855 

 there was a Legislative and Executive Council, consisting of 

 about ten officials or nominees, and a Legislative Assembly, 

 consisting of fifteen representatives of nine electoral districts ; 

 and in accordance with a suggestion by Earl Grey,^ and 

 revived by Earl Derby ^ and Sir J. Harvey, the two Chambers 

 sat together from 1843 to 1847, like the Assembly of Guiana, 

 and like several of the Assemblies of the old American 

 Colonies. Responsible Government was introduced into 

 Newfoundland in the same year (1855) as it was made law in 

 Eastern Australia. Immediately the nine original electoral 

 districts were increased to fifteen, and the fifteen members to 

 thirty, but the change was more apparent than real. Thus 



1 U.S. 52 per cent. : Canada 42 per cent. 



2 Then Lord Howick, July 27, 1832. -• Then Lord Stanley. 



