232 HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF NEWFOUNDLAND 



could not go ' as a suitor ' to the United States. Neverttie- 

 less, a third Treaty of Washington was negotiated by Joseph 

 Chamberlain and T. F. Bayard in 1888, and thrown out by 

 the American Senate. The third olive-branch was rejected 

 and the Treaty was stillborn. But it contained a modus 

 which con- vivendi pending ratification ; and American ships were allowed 

 ^temlomrv ^^ ^^ modtis to take out licences to buy bait, ice, seines, and 

 modus tackle, to ship crews, and to tranship cargo for i^ dollars 

 viven I ; ^ ^^^^^ ^^ without payment if the United States admitted fish 

 and fish-products freely. Fishing-ships which confined them- 

 selves to the objects specified in the Treaty of 181 8 and did 

 not communicate with the shore need not enter or clear at 

 the Custom House. The modus expired in 1890. 

 and new Then a Strange interlude took place. In September, 1890, 

 wereTt- ^^^ ^- ^0^^^, the able and energetic ex-Premier of Newfound- 

 tempted in land, was permitted by the English Government to present 

 ^°' his views directly to the English Ambassador at Washington, 



who permitted him to negotiate informally with J. G. Blaine, 

 the American Secretary of State ; and the negotiations were 

 expressed in the form of ' a draft of a convention embodying 

 the arrangement proposed by the Newfoundland Government '. 

 In December this draft was remodelled by Sir R. Bond in 

 concert, not with the English Ambassador, but with Mr. Blaine, 

 who in January presented a counterdraft which ' the United 

 States Government would not be unwilling to accept, but 

 they were not anxious for the arrangement'. The drafts 

 and counterdrafts, whether original or remodelled, differed 

 materially. At an early stage of the proceedings, Canada 

 protested against separate action by Newfoundland in a matter 

 in which Canada was equally concerned, and the negotiations 

 ended in nothing. From which Sir R. Bond inferred that 

 a Bond-Blaine Treaty was virtually concluded, when Canada 

 and 1^02. prevented it; but he was alone in his inference. In 1902 an 

 authentic and real separate agreement, called the Hay-Bond 

 Treaty, was concluded similarly and on similar lines, but was 



