556 A NATURALIST IN THE PACIFIC 



(5) Kohala Coast, Hawaii. — Several littoral plants are scantily re- 

 presented on the beach of black sand at the mouth of the Waimanu 

 valley, especially Ipomea pes caprae, Morinda citrifolia, Pandanus 

 odoratissimus, and Scaevola Kcenigii. The Pandanus covers the adjacent 

 precipitous slopes up to a height of several hundred feet above the sea. 

 Ipomea pes caprae is abundant on the sand dunes backing the beach at 

 Waipio. I observed Naias marina in the Waipio River just inside the 

 mouth. No one seems to have recorded the plant from the group since 

 Chamisso found it in Oahu. 



(6) Hamakua Coast, Hawaii. — Not many opportunities presented them- 

 selves on this cliff-bound coast of finding littoral plants. At the mouth of 

 a gulch between Ookala and Laupahoehoe I found growing at the coast 

 Vitex trifolia (var. unifoliolata) in quantity, together with Morinda citrifolia, 

 Scaevola Kcenigii, and Pandanus odoratissimus, the last-named clothing the 

 hill-slopes overlooking the sea. 



(7) The Coasts of Oahu.— -The littoral vegetation of the south-east 

 portion of the island from Diamond Head round to Waimanalo is, as a rule, 

 scanty. Ipomea pes caprae and Tribulus cistoides prevail to Koko Head, 

 and on the rubbly coast between that headland and Makapuu Point occur 

 Tephrosia piscatoria, different species of Lipochaeta, &c. Between 

 Makapuu Point and Waimanalo, Scaevola Kcenigii and Vitex trifolia 

 (var. unifoliolata) are fairly abundant, the former growing on the rocky 

 slope at the base of the cliffs, and raised perhaps some 20 feet above the 

 sea. Along the whole east coast of the island the littoral vegetation is 

 rarely well represented. However, Ipomea pes caprae is common every- 

 where, whilst Scaevola Kcenigii occurs frequently, and here and there a 

 few plants of Morinda citrifolia are seen on the beach, while thickets of 

 Hibiscus tiliaceus mark in some localities the mouths of streams. 



On the north coast of Oahu, as on the Waialua and Waimea beaches, 

 the one-leaved variety of Vitex trifolia is common, together with Ipomea 

 pes caprae and Euphorbia cordata ; whilst Acacia Farnesiana is frequent on 

 the Waialua beach, its pods being much appreciated by the cattle. 

 Occasionally, as by the bridge at Waimea, Colubrina asiatica and Thespesia 

 populnea are to be noticed. 



Shore vegetation is a little better represented on the beaches at and 

 near Kaena Point, the north-west corner of the island. Here on the sand 

 we find often in abundance Pleliotropium anomalum, the same variety of 

 Vitex trifolia, Scaevola Kcenigii, and Ipomea pes caprae ; whilst on the 

 rocks bordering the beach occur Gossypium tomentosum, Jacquemontia 

 sandwicensis, Tribulus cistoides, Vigna lutea, and more than one species of 

 Lipochaeta, the last being derivatives from the inland flora. 



On the west coast of the island true shore-plants play an inconspicuous 

 part. Ipomea pes caprae is common on the beaches, and such plants as 

 Acacia Farnesiana, Jacquemontia sandwicensis, Gossypium tomentosum, 

 and Tribulus cistoides immediately border the beach. Ipomea tuberculata 



