APPENDIX 





Method of Observation employed by the Author on the Summit i //.; 



Loa. — My camp was placed near the middle of the west margin 

 the crater about 13,500 feet above the sea. The instruments emp 

 were a Sixe's maximum and minimum thermometer made l>y Negretti and 

 Zambra, several unmounted thermometers, and a reference thermometer 

 (with a Kew certificate) by the above-named makers, which was used a 

 standard. The freezing point was also tested for all the instruments on I 

 summit in melting powdered ice. The maximum air observations and 

 those on the relative humidity were taken in a small cave with a hi 

 in the roof, through which there was a steady flow of air. Oik- das- 

 was occupied in comparing the cave-observations with those obtained 

 under a temporary screen rigged up outside my tent, the only diffi 

 shown being as a rule less than a degree. The minimum observations 

 taken in my tent, where there was no artificial heat, were usually only 1 

 higher than those given by a thermometer outside the tent. 



Results of the Observations on the Top of Mauna Loa, Aug. 9-51. 1897 



Mean minimum temperature of air in shade 23*2 I. 



Mean maximum ,, „ ,, 5 



Mean daily range of temperature 3o(> 



Lowest reading i5"o° 



Highest reading 61 -2° 



Mean temperature for the period 38-5° 



, . • j- o ., o, \ Many observations 



Mean relative humidity, 8-9 a.m., 44 5 /. / included which 



„ noon ... 43 /„ > , m . not gj ven | n 



5—6 p.m., 56 °/ o J the register. 



j) " 



On Aug. nth, at 10 a.m., wet bulb, 33-2° ; dry bulb, 52 ; diffen 



t S'8° 



On Aug. 19th, at n a.m., wet bulb, 35-7°, dry bulb, 56' ; diffi 



o 



2C3 . 



Owing to the varying winds at my camp, the relative humidity 



fluctuated greatly in a short time. Thus, on Aug. 12 it was 46 ' at noon. 

 and 79 °/o at 2 P- m - 



Average Cloudiness (10 indicating a Shy completely I 



Cloudless during t2 out of 13 days 



12 — 4 A.M 



4 — 8 » 

 8—12 „ 



12 — 4 P.M 



4— S ., 

 8—12 „ 



o 

 o 



i"3 



3'5 



1 "5 

 o 



