. (MADDER FAMILY.) 127 



tire or 2-dentate interposed stipules : fruit and paniculate inflorescence as in 

 Galiurn : corolla white or pinkish, 2 or 3 lines long. Mountain woods, mostly 

 under coniferous trees, California and Arizona to Washington Territory and 

 N. W. Wyoming. 



2. GALIUM, L. BEDSTRAW. CLEAVERS. 



Herbs (occasionally with suffrutescent base) with sessile leaves and small 

 flowers variously arranged. 



# Woody at base : leaves 4 in the whorls ; their margins, midrib, and angles of 



stem destitute of retrorse hispidness or roughness : fruit hirsute with long and 

 straight (not at all hooked) bristles: Jlowers dioecious: stems low and diffuse. 



1. G. Matthewsii, Gray. Glabrous and smooth, paniculately much 

 branched, woody at base : leaves rigid, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, vein- 

 less, with stout midrib, 2 or 3 lines long or more, some of the upper cuspi- 

 date-acute : flowers (of fertile plant) naked-paniculate : corolla barely a line 

 in diameter : bristles of immature fruit rigid, not longer than the body. 

 Proc. Am. Acad. xix. 80. S. W. Colorado, New Mexico, and E. California. 



* * Wholly herbaceous : margins and midribs of the leaves and angles of the 



stem often retrorse hispid or rough : bristles on the fruit more or less hooked or 

 none : flowers not dioecious. 



*- Fruit beset with hooked bristles : leaves 6 or 8 in a whorl. 



2. G. Aparine, L. Stems 1 to 4 feet long, retrorsely hispid on the angles, 

 as also on the margins and midrib of the oblanceolate or almost linear cuspidate- 

 acuminate leaves : peduncles rather long, 1 to 3 in upper axils or terminal, 

 bearing either solitary or 2 or 3 pedicellate white flowers : fruit not pendulous, 

 granulate-tuberculate and the tubercles tipped with bristles. From Texas 

 to California and northward ; eastward mainly as an introduced plant. 



Var. Vaillantii, Koch. Smaller, more slender : leaves seldom an inch 

 long : flowers usually more numerous : fruit smaller, hirsute or hispidulous. 

 Texas to California, Montana, and British Columbia. 



3. G. triflorum, Michx. Diffusely procumbent, smoothish : herbage sweet- 

 scented in drying : stems a foot to a yard long : leaves in sixes, elliptical-lan- 

 ceolate to narrowly oblong (inch or two long), scabrous or not on the margins 

 and midrib beneath : cymes once or twice 3-rai/ed : pedicels soon divaricate : 

 corolla yellowish white to greenish, its lobes hardly surpassing the bristles of 

 the ovary. Across the continent. 



i- -i- Fruit without hooked bristles : leaves 4 to 6 in a whorl. 



w- Flowers very numerous and collected in a terminal and ample thyrsiform 



panicle : leaves in fours, 3-nerved, blunt. 



4. G. boreale, L. Erect, a foot or two high, mostly smooth and gla- 

 brous, very leafy : leaves from linear to broadly lanceolate, often with fasci- 

 cles of smaller ones in the axils : flowers in a terminal panicle ; the uppermost 

 leaves being reduced to pairs of small oblong or oval bracts : fruit small, his- 

 pidulous, or at first canescent and soon glabrous and smooth. From New 

 Mexico and California north to Arctic regions and east to Canada. 



