156 COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 



of the involucre rather narrow: rays 16 to 20: disk-flowers 8 to 14. Torr. 

 & Gray, Fl. ii. 226. From New Mexico to Montana and westward. 



14. S. lanceolata, L. Comparatively low, cymosely much branched above 

 and flat-topped, heads mostly glomerate-sessile: leaves lanceolate-linear, dis- 

 tinctly 3-nerved and the larger with an additional outer pair of more delicate 

 nerves, minutely scabrous-pubescent on the nerves beneath: outer bracts of the 

 involucre ovate or oblong: rays 15 to 20: disk-flowers 8 to 12. From Mon- 

 tana to Canada and Georgia. 



12. TOWNSENDIA, Hook. 



Depressed or low many-stemmed herbs of the Rocky Mountains : entire 

 leaves from linear to spatulate : heads comparatively large, the numerous rays 

 from violet or rose-purple to white: akene commonly beset with hairs which 

 are forked or glochidiate-capitellate (i. e. bidentate at apex and the two lobes 

 recurved or re volute, thus appearing minutely capitate). 



* Bracts of the involucre conspicuously attenuate-acuminate : head large : involu- 

 cre inch or more high, and rays inch long. 



t- Caulescent, somewhat hirsute-pubescent, but the foliage at length glabrate : invo- 

 lucre naked; its bracts from lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate : rays showy, bright 

 blue or violet. 



1. T. eximia, Gray. Stems erect, simple or sparingly branching, 6 to 14 

 inches high : leaves spatulate or the upper lanceolate : head sparingly leafy- 

 bracted or naked at base : involucral bracts ovate-lanceolate and somewhat 

 rigidlt/ cuspidate-acuminate, whitish-scarious with green centre : akenes broadly 

 obovate, almost cartilaginous, glabrate, sprinkled with a few short and obscure 

 glochidiate-tipped hairs : pappus wholly persistent, of 2 subulate at length cor- 

 neous stout awns which are rather shorter than the akene, and a circle of rigid 

 scales. PI. Fendl. 70. Mountain sides, New Mexico and Colorado. 



2. T. grandiflora, Nutt. Stems spreading from the base, sometimes 

 divergently branched above, a span or two high : upper leaves often linear, 

 2 or more uppermost subtending the head : involucre nearly of the preceding : 

 akenes narrowly obovate, sprinkled with glochidiate-capitellate hairs: pappus in 

 the ray reduced to a crown of short scales, and of the disk plurisctose and 

 longer than the akene. Plains and hills, Wyoming and W. Nebraska to New 

 Mexico. 



3. T. Parryi, Eaton. Stems erect, simple, stout, naked and pedunculiform 

 above, 2 to 6 inches high: leaves mostly spatulate : bracts of the very broad 

 involucre lanceolate, thinner, with softer and less attenuate tips, or the outer 

 barely acuminate : akenes narrowly obovate, canescently pubescent, the hairs acute 

 and simple or many of them 1 to 2-dentate at tip : pappus of the ray plurisetose 

 like that of the disk, or somewhat more scanty. Am. Naturalist, viii. 212. 

 Wyoming, Montana, and E. Idaho. 



Var. alpina, Gray. A dwarf and alpine form, more pubescent and cine- 

 rous : leaves very small, at most inch long : flowering stem about the same 

 length or hardly any : involucral bracts less pointed : " rays pink." Proc. 

 Am. Acad. xvi. 83. Wyoming on the high divide between the Stinking Water 

 and the Yellowstone, Parry. 



