COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 187 



imbricated in about 3 series, oblong-lanceolate, acutish : disk yellow. Eastern 



Rocky Mountains and adjacent plains, from Wyoming to Colorado. 



* * * Involucre looser and the bracts disposed to be more taper-pointed, or folia- 



ceous: disk yellow or yellowish. 



t- Stems smooth or somewhat scabrous: leaves mostly lanceolate or narrower: 

 involucral bracts linear-subulate, loose or soon squarrose-spreading. 



6. H. grosse-serratus, Martens. Stem very smooth and glabrous, com- 

 monly glaucous, 6 to 10 feet high, bearing numerous rather cymosely disposed 

 and short-peduncled heads : leaves slender-petioled, thinnish, oblong-lanceolate 

 or narrower, or some of the cauline almost deltoid-lanceolate, gradually acu- 

 minate, sharply serrate, or upper merely denticulate, slightly scabrous above, 

 luh/t sh and soft-puberulent beneath ; larger cauline commonly 8 to 10 inches and 

 the petiole an inch or two long: deep yellow oblong rays over an inch long. 

 Dry plains, from Texas to Dakota and as far east as Ohio. 



7. H. Maximiliani, Schrader. Hispidulous-scabrous : stem stout, 2 or 3 

 (and even 10 to 12) feet high, below mostly rough-hispid : leaves almost all alter- 

 nate, thickish, becoming rigid, very scabrous above, lanceolate, acute or acuminate 

 at both ends, mostly subsessile, all entire or sparingly denticulate : involucre of 

 more rigid bracts : rays numerous, often inch and a half long, golden yel- 

 low. Prairies and plains west of the Mississippi, and from the Saskatchewan 

 to Texas. 



8. H. Nuttallii, Torr. & Gray. Stem slender, 2 to 4 feet high, commonly 

 simple, smooth and glabrous: leaves lanceolate or the upper linear, 3 to 6 inches 

 long, 3 to 9 lines wide, short-petloled or subsessile, serrulate or entire : bracts of 

 the involucre naked or somewhat hirsute at base : palea3 of the pappus long 

 and narrow. Fl. ii. 324. In wet soil, W. Wyoming and Utah to Oregon, 

 Washington Territory, and British Columbia. 



H- -- Stems pubescent or hirsute : leaves ovate or subcordate : involucral bracts 

 lanceolate, loose, hirsute-ciliate. 



9. H. tuberosus, L. Stem 5 to 10 feet high, branching at summit: 

 leaves mostlv alternate on the branches, acuminate, dull green, minutely pu- 

 bescent and occasionally cinereous beneath, soon scabrous above : bracts of 

 the involucre attenuate-acuminate : rays often inch and a half long, 12 to 20 : 

 bracts of the receptacle hirsute-pubescent on the back : akenes more or less 

 pubescent at summit and margins, mostly long and slender. The "Jerusa- 

 lem Artichoke," widely cultivated for its fleshy tubers, and found under various 

 forms, especially in the E. United States. An indigenous form coming within 

 our range is 



Var. subcanescens, Gray. Mostly dwarf, about 2 feet high, compara- 

 tively small-leaved, rough-hispidulous or scabrous, but the lower face of the 

 leaves whitish with soft and fine pubescence. Synopt. Fl. i. 280. Plains 

 of Minnesota, Dakota, etc. 



40. HELIANTHELLA, Torr. & Gray. 



Leafy-stemmed : leaves lanceolate to ovate, with tapering base, opposite or 

 alternate : rays broad, yellow : disk yellow or purplish-brown : akeues flat, 

 from cuneate-obovate and emarginate to slightly obcordate. 



