SCROPHULARIACE.E. (PIGWORT FAMILY.) 273 



t- -t- Anther-cells equal, parallel and alike in all 4 stamens. 



15. Pedicularls. Calyx various, cleft anteriorly and sometimes posteriorly. Corolla 



with cylindraceous tube and narrow throat, strongly bilabiate ; upper lip compressed 

 laterally, fornicate or conduplicate ; lower erect at base, 2-cristate above, 3-lobed ; 

 the lobes spreading or reflexed, the middle one smaller. Capsule compressed and 

 often oblique or falcate, rostrate. Leaves mainly alternate or verticillate. 



16. Rhinantlms. Calyx ventricose-compressed, 4-toothed, inflated in fruit Corolla with 



cylindraceous tube ; galeate upper lip ovate, obtuse, compressed, entire at apex, but 

 with a minute tooth on each side below it ; lower lip shorter, with 3 spreading lobes. 

 Capsule orbicular, compressed. Leaves opposite. 



1. LIN ARIA, Tourn. TOAD-FLAX. 



Herbs : calyx 5- parted : leaves entire and mostly linear : flowers in a naked 

 terminal raceme. 



1. L. Canadensis, Dumout. Flowering stems nearly simple, 6 to 30 

 inches high : leaves flat, alternate on the erect flowering stems, smaller and 

 oblong and mainly opposite or whorled or procumbent shoots or suckers from 

 the base : pedicels erect, not longer than the filiform and curved spur of the 

 small blue corolla. Across the continent, in sandy soil. 



2. COLLINSIA, Nutt. 



Low ; with simple opposite sessile leaves, or the upper verticillate : flowers 

 solitary or umbelliform-verticillate : corolla often 2-colored. 



1. C. parviflora, Dougl. About a span high, at length diffuse or spread- 

 ing: leaves oblong or lanceolate; the upper narrowed at base and entire; the 

 floral often in whorls of 3 to 5 : pedicels solitary or above 2 to 5 in the whorl : 

 calyx-lobes lanceolate or triangular-subulate, usually almost equalling the 

 blue (or partly white) corolla: gland small, capitate, short- stipitate. From 

 Arizona and Utah to Washington Territory and Michigan. 



3. SCROPHULARIA, Tourn. FIGWORT. 



Usually tall and homely herbs ; with opposite leaves and loose cymes of 

 small flowers in a narrow terminal thyrsus. 



1. S. nodosa, L. Nearly glabrous, 2 or 3 feet high: thyrsus elongated 

 and open : leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, acute, with a rounded or subcordate 

 base, sharply and often doubly serrate : rudiment of fifth stamen orbicular. 



Var. Marilandica, Gray. Taller, sometimes 5 feet high : leaves larger 

 and thinner, acuminate, often ovate-lanceolate, seldom at all cordate, mostly 

 simply serrate. Synopt. Fl. ii. 258. From Oregon and Utah eastward across 

 the continent. 



4. PENTSTEMON, Mitchell. BEARD-TONGUE. 



Usually with simple stems or branched from the base : the leaves opposite, 

 rarely verticillate : inflorescence from thyrsiform to almost simply racemose, 

 and the flowers mostly showy. 



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