SANTALACE^. 323 



6 to 8-flowered joint : pistillate spikes 2-flowered : berry whitish or light red. 

 PI. Fendl. 58. On different species of Juniperus. S. W. Colorado to New 

 Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and California. 



2. ARCEUTHOBIUM, Bieb. 



Flowers axillary or terminal, solitary or several from the same axil. Para- 

 sitic on Conifers, glabrous, with rectangular branches and connate scale-like 

 leaves : flowers often crowded into apparent spikes or panicles, opening in 

 summer or autumn and maturing their fruit in the second autumn, when the 

 berries suddenly and forcibly eject the glutinous seed to the distance of sev- 

 eral yards. 



* Staminate flowers all (or nearly all) terminal on distinct peduncle-like joints, 



paniculate. 



1. A. Americanum, Nutt. Slender, dichotomously or verticillately 

 much branched, greenish yellow : staminate plants sometimes 3 or 4 inches 

 long, fertile plants much smaller. On Pinus contorta. From Wyoming to 

 Oregon and southward to Colorado and California. 



* * Staminate flowers axillary (with a terminal one) , forming simple or compound 



spikes. Ours are greenish-brown, with the accessory branchlets of fruiting speci- 

 mens mostly leaf-bearing. 



2. A. divaricatum, Engelm. Eather stout, 2 to 4 inches high, and a 

 line in diameter at base, olive-green or pale brownish : branches spreading, 

 often flexuous or recurved : staminate flowers few and scattered or in 3 to 7 '-flow- 

 ered spikes, with ovate acute lobes. PI. Wheeler, 1874, 16. On Pinus edulis 

 and P. monophylla, from New Mexico and S. Colorado to Arizona and S. Utah. 



3. A. robustum, Engelm. Stouter and not so spreading: spikes much 

 denser, the buds of the staminate flowers flat and appressed, and the 3-parted 

 flowers with shorter and broader lobes. On Pinus ponderosa. Arizona and 

 northward in the Rocky Mountains. 



ORDER 69. SANTALACE^E. 



Herbs or shrubs, usually root-parasitic, with angled or striate branches, 

 entire alternate and mostly sessile leaves without stipules, and mostly 

 perfect flowers with 3 to 5-cleft perianth adherent to the 1 -celled 2 to 4- 

 ovuled ovary, which becomes an indehiscent 1 -seeded usually nut-like 

 fruit ; stamens 3 to 5, opposite the perianth lobes, at the edge of an 

 epigynous often lobed disk ; style 2 to 5-lobed. 



1. COMANDRA, Nutt. BASTARD TOAD-FLAX. 



The campanulate or urn-shaped perianth with a 5-lobed persistent limb. 

 Disk with a free lobed margin. Stamens included : anthers attached by tufts 

 of hairs to the base of the calyx-lobes. Low herbaceous smooth perennials, 

 with subterranean rootstocks : leaves glaucous, the lowest scale-like : flowers 

 greenish white, in small terminal or axillary umbellate clusters. 



