354 SMILACE^E. (SMILAX FAMILY.) 



4. Z. paniculatus, Watson. Very similar : usually stout : leaves 3 to 

 8 lines broad, usually all sheathing : raceme compound: perianth-segments del- 

 toid, acute or acuminate ; gland less definitely margined, often reaching nearly 

 to the middle of the blade : seeds 3 to 5 lines long. Bot. King Exped. v. 

 344. From the Wahsatch Mountains to California and the Saskatchewan. 



19. CHAM^LIRIUM, Willd. DEVIL'S-BIT. 



Stem wand-like, from a thick and abrupt tuberous rootstock, terminated by 

 a long spiked raceme of small bractless flowers : fertile plant more leafy than 

 the staminate. 



1. C. Carolinianum, Willd. Stem 1 to 4 feet high: lower leaves 

 spatulate-oblanceolate, 2 to 6 inches long, the cauline narrower. C. luteum, 

 Gray, Manual, 527. Coming into our eastern limit in W. Nebraska and 

 extending eastward. 



20. TOFIELDIA, Huds. FALSE ASPHODEL. 



Mostly tufted, with fibrous roots, and simple stems leafy only at base, bear- 

 ing small flowers in a close raceme : leaves linear, grass-like. Ours has stem 

 and inflorescence pubescent, and pedicels fascicled. 



1. T. glutinosa, Willd. Glutinous-pubescent: stem slender, to 1J feet 

 high : raceme short : pedicels bearing the scarcely lobed involucre near the 

 flower : capsule shortly beaked : seeds minute, with brownish testa, and a 

 contorted tail at each end. From Wyoming to Oregon and northward, also 

 eastward to Canada and N. Carolina. 



21. XEROPHYLLUM, Michx. 



Stem from a bulbous base, bearing a compact raceme of showy white flowers, 

 thickly beset with needle-shaped leaves, the upper ones reduced to bristle-like 

 bracts ; those from the root very many in a dense tuft. 



1. X. Douglasii, Watson. Stem 2 to 4 feet high : leaves often 2 or 3 

 feet long: pedicels to l inches long: flower-segments 2^ lines long, exceed- 

 ing the stamens: capsule cordate-ovate, 6-valved, the abruptly acute cells 

 separating and then dehiscing. Proc. Am. Acad. xiv. 284. X. tenax of the 

 Hayden Reports. Headwaters of the Yellowstone and westward to Oregon. 



ORDER 80. SMIILACEyE. (SMILAX FAMILY.) 



Shrubby or rarely herbaceous plants, climbing or supported by a pair 

 of tendrils on the petiole of the ribbed and netted-veined simple leaves ; 

 with dioecious small flowers ; regular perianth of 6 similar deciduous 

 sepals, free from the ovary j as many stamens as sepals j with, introrse 

 1 -celled anthers; ovary with 3 cells and as many elongated spreading 

 sessile stigmas. 



